14 BtJREAtr OF AMERICAK ETHNOLOGY [bdll. 41 



constructed of well-dressed stones and afford an example of good 

 masonry work. 



Here and there are indications of other rooms in tjie darker parts 

 of the cave. In some instances their walls extended to the roof of 

 the cave where their former position is indicated by light bands on 

 the sooty surface. 



Eooms 40^7 are among the finest chambers in Spruce-tree House. 

 Rooms 48 and 49 are very much damaged, the walls having fallen, 

 leaving only the foundations above the ground level. Several rooms 

 in this part of the ruin, especially rooms 43 (pi. 9) and 44, still have 

 roofs and floors as well preserved as when they^ were built, and 

 although dark, owing to lack of windows, they have fireplaces in the 

 corners, the smoke escaping apparently through the diminutive door 

 openings. The thresholds of some of the doorways are too high 

 above the main court to be entered without ladders or notched poles, 

 but projecting stones or depressions for the feet, still visible, appar- 

 ently assisted the inhabitants, as they do modern visitors, to enter 

 rooms 41 and 42. 



Each of the small block of rooms 50-53 is one story and without a 

 roof, but possessing well-preserved ground floors. In room 53 there 

 is a depression in the floor at the bottom of which is a small hole." 



In the preceding pages there have been considered the rooms of the 

 north section of Spruce-tree House, embracing dwellings, ceremonial 

 rooms, and other enclosures north of the main court, and the space in 

 the rear called the refuse-heap — in all, six circular ceremonial rooms 

 and a large majority of the living and storage rooms. From all the 

 available facts at the author's disposal it is supposed that this portion 

 is older than the south section, which contains but two ceremonial 

 rooms and not more than a third the number of secular dwellings.^ 



The cluster of rooms connected wath kivas G and H shows signs of 

 having been built by a clan Avhich may have joined Spruce-tree 

 House subsequent to the construction of the north section of the vil- 

 lage. The ceremonial rooms in this section differ in form from the 

 others. Here occur two round rooms or towers, dh.iplicates of which 

 have not been found in the north section. 



Eoom 61 in the south section of Spruce-tree House has a closet 

 made of flat stones set on edge and covered with a perforated stone 

 slab slightly inclined from the horizontal. 



The inclosures at the extreme south end, Avhich follow a narrow 

 ledge, appear to have been unroofed passages rather than rooms. On 



« In Hopi dwellings the author has often seen a provisional sipapil used in household 

 ceremonies. 



*The proportion of kivas to dwellings in any village is not always the same in pre- 

 historic pueblos, nor is there a fixed ratio in modem pueblos. It would appear that there 

 is some relation between the number of kivas and the number of inhabitants, but what 

 that relation is, numerically, has never been discovered. 



