22 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 41 



Not only was the roof of the kiva restored but its walls were well 

 repaired, so that it now presents all the essential features of an 

 ancient kiva. On one of the banquettes of this room the author 

 found a vase which was evidently a receptacle for pigments or other 

 ceremonial paraphernalia. 



Kiva D has a passageway leading into room 26 and a second open- 

 ing in the west wall on the floor level, besides a ventilator of the 

 type common to all kivas. The top of the opening in the west wall 

 appears covered with a flat stone in one of the photographic views 

 (plate 11). 



The wall in front of the village in the neighborhood of kivas C 

 and D was wholly concealed by debris when work was begun on 

 this part of the ruin. Excavation of this debris showed that op- 

 posite each kiva there was an opening with which the ventilator is 

 believed formerly to have been connected. There seems to have been 

 a low-storied house, j)ossibly a cooking-place, provided Avith a roof, 

 in an ii^terval between kivas C and D ; in the floor of the plaza at this 

 j)oint a well-made fire hole was uncovered. 



Kiva B 



Kiva E is one of the finest which was excavated, showing all the 

 typical structures of these characteristic rooms; it almost fills the 

 jjlaza in which it is situated. The exceptional feature of this room 

 is a passageway through the west wall. Room 35 may have been the 

 house of a chief or of a priest who kept in it his masks or other cere- 

 monial paraphernalia. A similar opening in the wall of one of the 

 Hopi kivas communicates with a dark room in which are kept altars 

 and other ceremonial objects. When such a passagew-ay into a dark 

 chamber is not in use it is closed by a slab of stone. 



Kiva F 



Kiva F might be designated the Spruce-tree kiva from the large 

 spruce tree that formerly grew near its outer wall. Its stump is 

 now visible, but the tree lies extended in the canyon. 



The walls of this kiva were poorly preserved, and only two 

 of the pedestals were in place. The walls were repaired and the 

 roof restored. This room is situated outside the walls, and in that 

 respect recalls kiva B, described above. The ventilator opening of 

 this kiva is situated on the south instead of on the west side of 

 the room, as is the rule in other kivas. The large size of this room 

 would indicate that it was of great importance in the religious cere- 

 monials of the prehistoric inhabitants of Spruce-tree House, but all 

 indications point to its late construction." 



<• An examination of the best of previous maps of Spruce-tree House shows only a dotted 

 line to indicate the location of this kiva. 



