FEWKES] ANTIQUITIES OF MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK 23 



KlVA G 



Kiva G was so well preserved that its walls were thoroughly re- 

 stored; it now stands as typical of one of these rooms in which the 

 several characteristic features may be seen. For the guidance of vis- 

 itors, letters or numbers accompanied by explanatory labels were 

 painted by the author on the walls of the kiva. 



Kiva G lies just below and in front of the round tower of Spruce- 

 tree House, which is situated in the neighborhood of the main court, 

 and may therefore be looked on as one of the most important kivas 

 in the cliff-dwelling.« The solid stone floor of this room had been cut 

 doAvn about 8 inches. 



Kiva H 



Kiva H, the largest in Spruce-tree House, contained some of the 

 best specimens excavated by the author. Its shape is oval rather than 

 circular, and it fills the whole space inclosed by walls of rooms on 

 three sides. In the neighborhood of kiva H is a comparatively 

 spacious plaza which is bounded on the front by a low wall, now re- 

 paired, and on the other sides are high rooms. The plaza containing 

 this kiva was ample for ceremonial dances which undoubtedly for- 

 merly occurred in it. The Avails of kiva H formerly had a marked 

 pinkish color, showing no sign of blackening by smoke except in 

 places. Charred roof beams were excavated at one place, however, 

 and charcoal occurred deep under the debris that filled this room. 



CIRCULAR ROOMS OTHER THAN KIVAS 



There are two rooms (nos. 54, 69) of circular shape in Spruce- 

 tree House, one of which resembles the " tower " in the Cliff Palace. 

 This room (no. 54) is situated to the right hand of the main court 

 above referred to, into which it projects without attachment except 

 on one side. Its walls have two small windows or openings which 

 have been called doorways, and are of a single story in height. This 

 tower was apparentl}' ceremonial in character. 



It is instructive to mention that remains of a fire hole containing 

 wood ashes occur in the floor on one side of this room, and that the 

 walls are pierced with several small holes opening at an angle. OnW 

 foundations remain of the other circular room. It was situated on 

 the south side of the open space containing kiva H and formed a 

 bastion at the north end of the front wall. The floor of this room 

 was wholly covered with fallen debris and its ground plan was wholly 

 concealed when the excavations began ; it was only with considerable 

 difficulty that the foundation walls could be traced. 



" It has no doubt occurred to others, as to the author, that the number of Spruce-tree 

 House kivas is a multiple of four, the number of horizontal cardinal points. Later it may 

 be found that there is some connection between them and world-quarter clan ownership, 

 or it may be that the agreement in numbers is purely a coincidence. 



