36 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY \kvli.. 41 



In order scientifically to appreciate the bearing on the migration of 

 clans, of symbolism on pottery, we must bear in mind that a radical 

 difference in such symbolism as has taken place at the Hopi villages 

 may have occurred elsewhere as well, although there is no evidence 

 of a change of this kind having occurred at Spruce-tree House, 



The author includes under Hopi ware that found at the Hopi ruins 

 Sikyatki, Shumopavi, and Awatobi, the collection from the first- 

 named being typical. Some confusion has been introduced ])y others 

 into the study of old Hopi ware by including in it, under the name 

 '' Tusayan jjottery,'" the white-and-black ware of the Chelly canyon." 

 There is a close resemblance between the pottery of Chelly canyon 

 and that of Mesa Verde, but only the most distant relationship be- 

 tween true Hopi ware and that of Clielly canyon. The latter belong 

 in fact to two distinct areas, and differ in color, symbolism, and gen- 

 eral characters. In so far as the Hopi w^are shares its symbolism 

 with the other geographical areas of the eastern region, to the same 

 extent there is kinship in culture. In more distant ruins the pottery 

 contains a greater admixture of symbols foreign to Mesa Verde. 

 These differences are due no doubt to incorporation of other clarts. 



The subceramic area in which the Mesa Verde ruins lie embraces 

 the valleys of the San Juan and its tributaries, Chelly canyon, Chaco 

 canyon, and probably the ruins along the Rio Grande, on both sides of 

 the river. Whether the Chaco or the Mesa Verde region is the geo- 

 graphical center of this subarea, or not, can not be determined, but the 

 indications are that the Mesa Verde is on its northern border. Along 

 the southwestern and western borders the culture of this area mingles 

 with that of the subcultural area adjoining on the south, the resultant 

 symbolism being consequently more complex. The ceramic ware of 

 ruins of the Mesa Verde is little affected by outside and diverse influ- 

 ences, while, on the contrary, similar ware found along the Avestern 

 and southern borders of the subcultural area has been much modified 

 by the influence of the neighboring region. 



LITTLE COLORADO AREA 



Although the decoration on pottery from Spruce-tree House em- 

 braces some symbols in common with that of the ruins along the Little 

 Colorado, including prehistoric Zuili, there is evidence of a mingling 

 of the two ceramic tj'pes which is believed to have originated in the 

 Gila basin. The resemblance in the pottery of these regions is 

 greater near the sources of the Little Colorado, differences increasing 

 as one descends the river. At Homolobi (near Winslow) and Chev- 



" Of 40 pieces of pottery called " Tusayan," figured in Professor Holmes' Pottery of 

 the Pueblo Area (Second Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology), all but three or 

 possibly four came from Chelly canyon and belong to the San Juan rather than to the 

 Hopi ware. P.lack-and-white pottery is very rare in collections of old Hopi ware, but is 

 most abundant in the cliff-houses of Chelly canyon and the Mesa Verde ruins. 



