FEWKES] ANTIQUITIES OF MESA VERDE NATIONAL PAKK 37 



Ion, where the pottery is half northern and half southern in t^^pe, 

 these differences have almost disappeared. 



This is what might be expected theoretically, and is in accordance 

 with legends of the Hopi, for the Little Colorado ruins are more 

 modern than the round-kiva culture of Chaco canyon and Mesa Verde, 

 and than the square-ceremonial-house culture of the Gila. The indi- 

 cations are that symbolism of the Little Colorado ruins is a composite, 

 representative in about equal proportions of the two subcultures of 

 the Southwest.* 



As confirmatory of this suggested dual origin we find that the sym- 

 bolism of pottery from ruins near the source of the Little Colorado 

 is identical with that of the Salt, the Verde, and the Tonto basins, 

 from which their inhabitants originally came in larger numbers than 

 from the Eio Grande. In the ruins of the upper Salt and Gila the 

 potter}^ is more like that of the neighboring sources of the Little 

 Colorado because of interchanges. On the other hand, the ancient 

 Hopi, being more isolated than other Pueblos, especiall}^ those on the 

 Little Colorado, developed a ceramic art peculiar to themselves. Their 

 pottery is different from that of the Little Colorado, the upper Gila 

 and its tributaiy, the Salt, and the San Juan including the Mesa 

 Verde. 



The Zufii valley, lying practically in the pathway of culture mi- 

 gration or about midway between the northern and southern sub- 

 ceramic areas, had no distinctive ancient pottery. Its ancient pottery 

 is not greatly unlike that of Homolobi near Winslow but has been 

 influenced about equally by the northern and the southern type. 

 Whatever originality in culture symbols developed in the Zuni valley 

 was immediatel}^ merged with others and spread over a large area.'' 



MESA VERDE AREA 



While there are several subdivisions in the eastern subcultural area, 

 that in which the Mesa Verde ruins are situated is distinctive. The 

 area embraces the ruins in the IMontezuma valley and those of Chelly 

 canyon, and the San Juan ruins as far as Navalio mountain, in- 

 cluding also the Chaco and the Canyon Largo ruins. Probably the 

 pottery of some of the ruins east of the Rio Grande will be found to 

 belong to the same type. That of the Hopi ceramic area, the so- 

 called '• Tusayan," exclusive of Chelly canyon, is distinct from all 

 others. The pottery of the Gila subculture area is likewise dis- 

 tinctive but its influence made its way up the Verde and the Tonto 

 and was potent across the mountains, in the Little Colorado basin. 



" The pottery from ruins in the Little Colorado basin, from Wukoki at Black Falls to 

 the Great Colorado, is more closely allied to that of the drainage of the San Juan and its 

 ti'ibutaries. 



*" Tliere is of covirse very little ancient Zuni ware in museums, but such as we have 

 justifies the conclusion stated above. 



