PHONETIC KEY 



1. Orinasal vowels, pronounced with mouth and nose passages 

 open: q (Eng. father, but orinasal), a (Frencli pas, but orinasal), 

 o (moderately close o, orinasal), y, (Eng. ride, but orinasal), « (Eng. 

 man, but orinasal), g (moderately close e, orinasal), i (Eng. routme, 

 but orinasal). 



2. Oral vowels, pronounced with mouth passage open and nose 

 passage closed by the velum: a (Eng. father), o (moderately close o), 

 u (Eng. rule), e (moderately close e), i (Eng. routine). 



Very short vowels following the glottid (') are written superior. 

 Thus, ^'a'**, wild rose. A slight aspiration is heard after a vowel fol- 

 lowed by qw, Tc, lew, ¥, s, f, t, f, ts, tf, p, p\ Thus, io'tu, kernel of 

 a nut, written fotu in this memoir. 



3. Laryngeal consonants: li (Eng. Tiouse), ' (glottid or glottal 

 elusive, produced by closing and suddenly opening the glottis). 



4. Velar consonants: w (Eng. water), gw (Span, jiicz; Ger. ach 

 labialized), I: (unaspirated, Span, carro), Jew (unaspirated. Span. 

 €un\), l"-(glottalized), F (aspirated, Eng. coolcliouse), g (levis. Span, 

 abogrado), r; (preplosively nasal, Eng. finder), y (nasal, Eng. si«^er), 

 yw (nasal labialized, Eng. Ijungworthj ; variant of Tewa w). 



In absolute auslaut and before Ji and ', y is somewhat palatal. 

 Bef(H'e palatal consonants y is assimilated to fi- or n, before frontal 

 consonants to n, before labial consonants to m. 



5. Palatal consonants: j (Ger.' ja), n (Span, marlana). 

 In the Hano dialect a tf or palatal t occurs. 



6. Frontal consonants: s (Eng. sin), / (Eng. sMy); f is the capital 

 of /), t (unaspirated. Span, te), t (glottalized), t' (aspirated, Eng. 

 swea^/iouse), is (consonant diphthong, Ger. sehn, but not followed 

 by an aspiration), if (consonant diphthong, Eng. c^ew, but not fol- 

 lowed by an aspiration), Ts (glottalized), fj' (glottalized), d (levis d, 

 more r-like than in Span. abogafZo), d (preplosively nasal, Eng. 

 cinder), n (nasal, Eng. wow). 



The sound of I occurs in Rio Grande Tewa only in words of foreign 

 origin and in the Sanlldefonso word polamimi, butterfly; but it is 

 common in Hano Tewa. 



7. Labial consonants: p (unaspirated, Span, padre), p (glottalized), 

 p' (aspirated, Eng. scalp/^ouse), h (levis, Span, aiogado), b (pre- 

 plosively nasal, Eng. lawJent), w (nasal, Eng. man). 



