FRS-MrRlfE™™^'] ETHNOBOTANY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 39 



The bark of the tree, dried and ground fine, is boiled until it becomes 

 red. When the liquid is cool, deerskin is soaked over night, and 

 then is dyed red. Sometimes the bark is chewed and the juice is eject- 

 ed on deerskin, which is then rubbed between the hands. Many of 

 the alders have been used by noncivilized peoples in d3'eing. 



Pinns^'in tewabe^ 'mountain Tewa-fruit' {piy, mountain; wa?, 

 locative; tewa^ Tewa; he^ roundish fruit). Cf. teimhe^ 'Tewa 

 fruit,' Sericotheca durnosa. 



Betula fontinalis. Streamside Birch. 



Peke'iy, 'hard stick' (j?'f, stick; Zv, hard). 



Celtls reticulata. Hackbeny. ?New Mexican Spanish ^m/c>^;</'0. 

 The Tewa and Spanish names are descriptive of the character of the 

 wood. Whether the Tewa name is merely a translation of the Span- 

 ish remains to be determined. Handles for axes and hoes are now 

 made of the wood. 



The berries were eaten. 



m. 



Juniperus monosperma. One-seeded Juniper. New Mexican 

 Spanish sahiua. 

 This is the "common cedar ^' of the Rio Grande region. It is used 

 largely for firewood by the New Mexican Tewa and also at Hano. 



Fig. 2. — Santa Clara bow. 



The bark is called either hy,qioibe {hy,., juniper; qivibe^ shreddy bark); 

 at Hano, huqwi {hu, juniper; qwl, fiber); or /ty,k'oira{/tii, juniper; k'owa, 

 tegument, bark). It is in daily use as tinder and kindling material. 

 Formerly it was used as tinder in conjunction with flint and steel. 

 Folk-tales at Hano represent that it would ignite merely from the heat 

 of the sun. Long shreds of this bark, bound into compact bundles 

 by means oi pt'aqvn.^ 'yucca fiber' (j9'«. Yucca baccata; qwi^ fiber), 

 were formerly used as torches to give light in the houses and to carry 

 light from house to house. At Hano the bark is used also to chink 

 the walls and roofs of log houses built after the Navaho fashion. 



In New Mexico the wood was used for making bows (see fig. 2). 

 Small ceremonial bows of cedar branches, provided with yucca strings, 

 are carried by some katsina at Hano, for instance, during the Tiawoto. 



