40 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 55 



At Santa Clara the leaves, hiil-a {hy,^ juniper; hi, leaf), are used by 

 women the third day after childbirth. The leaves are boiled in water; 

 a little cold water is added, and the decoction is set beside the patient, 

 who is left alone for a short time. She rises and bathes herself with 

 the decoction and also drinks a small quantity. At San Ildefonso the 

 treatment is the same, except that a woman stays to assist her to bathe. ^ 



At Hano a lying-in woman is fumigated on the fourth day after 

 delivery with hiikala,]vimpGY leaves (A^t, juniper; kala, leaf), placed on 

 hot coals in a vessel; some families use another plant, but juniper is 

 probably the one generally employed. Formerly the lying-in woman 

 drank an infusion of juniper leaves during the first four days after 

 delivery; but now, following the Hopi custom, she drinks plain warm 

 water for twenty days.^ 



The juniper is regarded as "hot," and almost every part of it is a 

 medicine for "cold" conditions. At San Ildefonso the leaves are used 

 as medicine. 



At Hano the leafy twigs, hykala {hala^ leaf), after being toasted on 

 the embers, are bound tightl}^ over a bruise or sprain to reduce the 

 pain and swelling. 



At Santa Clara juniper gum, hiikws^ {Jcwse, gum, balsam) is used 

 as a filling for decayed teeth. At Hano it is chewed as a delicacy. 



The berries, hypege (pege, berry), are eaten by children and young 

 people. Men bring home twigs loaded with the ripe berries to please 

 their young relations. The berries are considered more palatable 

 when heated in an open pan over the fire. At Santa Clara juniper 

 berries, as well as a decoction of them in water, are considered an 

 effectual remedy for every kind of internal chill, ' ' because they are 

 hot". They are said to be an active diuretic. At San Ildefonso the 

 berries are eaten but not taken as medicine. 



Juniper branches are used in a few ceremonies and dances. At 

 Hano they are sometimes used as a hasty substitute for fsele (see p. 43); 

 for instance, tsonekatsina from Hano and Sichomovi wore them on Jan- 

 usiYy 25, 1913. At Santa Clara the impersonator of an ''ok'uwa called 

 jlind'P^ sindo (jlitj, thrust; sfndo, old man) or hij,qwipondl''^ sejido {hy,, 

 juniper; qwi, fiber; po, head; sfjido, old man) wears a hat of juniper 

 bark as a headdress.^ 



"M. C. Stevenson, The Zuni Indians, Twcntij-third Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 297: "Hot tea of 

 toasted juniper twigs and berries steeped in boiling water is drunk by a woman in labor to prevent 

 constipation." See also this author's Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians, Thirtieth Ann. Rep. Bur. 

 Amcr. Ethn., p. 55. 



2The Yavapai at McDowell, Ariz., who now use the leaves and twigs of the creosote bush {1 Larrea 

 glutinosa) to steam lying-in women four days after childbirth, and also drink a decoction of the 

 leaves as a remedy for internal chill, say that they used juniper (tjoka) for these purposes as long as 

 they lived in the mountains. 



3 The impersonator of kivikwiljaka, "one of the older Hopi kachinas now seldom seen," wears a 

 similar mat of juniper bark. See tihu of this kachina in Field Museum, Chicago (McCormick Coll., 

 60757). 



