FREfRR-MfKRTJo*^^*^^'] ETHNOBOTANY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 95 



firewood, or clothing.) On the eve of a festival they send new bread, 

 Fqpowxnu, and pies made of dried peaches and melons, sometimes 

 boiled meat, to their neighbors; the present should be folded in a 

 cloth and carried under the bearer's head-shawl. The phrase used is 

 nxwe ywimma'"'^ 'here I bring you [this]' {n^we, here; ywiij, I it to 

 3^ou 1; ma'"', to give), to which the recipient answers, hi, 'yes'; or 

 Fqpowsenu dimmsegi! 'give me the doughnut!' {dir)^ j^ou it to me; 

 msegi, to give); or Jcu'ndawo^iriha ^iyV (Ipowsenuja 'thanks, I con- 

 gratulate myself that you bring me a doughnut' (ya, to bring); or 

 Icu' ndawo' iriha dimmsegi, 'thanks, I congratulate myself that you gave 

 it me' {diVi you it to me). Emptying the dish, she wipes it and gives 

 it to the bearer; or, more ceremoniously, washes dish and cloth 

 before returning them next day. 



At festivals, women and girls carry bread, cakes, boiled maet, 

 chile con carnc, and coffee to the estnfa, as refreshment for the dancers: 

 they set them in rows on the floor and immediately retire, while the 

 officials in charge thank them loudly. They also carry boiled meat and 

 bread to the house of the winter or summer cacique as the case may be. 

 During the Tid)Ho, a winter dance at night in the estufa at San Ilde- 

 fonso, the women bring to the dancers corn-meal, bread, and some- 

 times a U'uJ'u, FodeHy, a whole corn-stalk with ears, husk, and leaves, 

 which they save for the purpose. On the Day of the Kings (January 

 6), when the dancers perform before the houses of the newly- 

 appointed officials of the pueblo, the officials' wives bestow boiled 

 meat, bread, and boiled pumpkin. On All Souls' Day (November 2) 

 corn, wheat, beans, peas, watermelons, apples, boiled pumpkins, 

 bread, cakes, and pies are brought to the churchyard by women and 

 presented to the Catholic priest "for the dead." More conservative, 

 and therefore more ceremonious, is a gift of corn-meal piled in an 

 Apache basket; it is a suitable offering for a religious functionary or 

 for a religious society which is in session. At some dances women 

 and girls bring baskets full of meal and set them down before their 

 favorite dancers, who are supposed to give a present of game in 

 return. This is done, for instance, at the Turtle Dance, ''okufaM 

 i^oku, turtle; fcue^ to dance), at San Juan; and another men's dance 

 at Santa Clara has fallen altogether into disuse "because the men are 

 afraid to dance; there are some women capable of giving a man nine 

 baskets of meal, and now that rabbits are so scarce, he would lie 

 ruined in buying meat to pay them!" 



At Hano, as in the Hopi villages, the systematic giving.and repa}'^- 

 ment of food is constant and increasingly lavish: ^IMwo'a, they pay 

 each other,' {^ibi, they each other; w(Pa, to pay). Boiled mutton 

 with hominy, boiled peaches, boiled pumpkin, but above all vast 

 quantities of mowa (wafer-bread) pass from household to household, 

 each series of "payments" being closed by the gift of a few ears 



