102 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 55 



for filling the water-jars and for drinking water from them, and for 

 ladling broth, ssepo, and gruel, '«g« from the cooking-pots. To some 

 extent they have been superseded by earthenware ladles, (Hano 

 nqpolcede; nqpo, mud; Jcede, section of gourd) and commercial spoons. 

 Some small earthenware vases are made in the form of gourds. Vari- 

 ously shaped sections of gourd, he-ie (Hano Jce.ie or hai^ hai^ Tce^ie^ 

 hal'i hai'i representing the sound made in scraping wet paste; Iced^e^ 

 section of gourd), are used by women to smooth and shape pottery in 

 the making. At Hano a gourd is sometimes used as a resonator for 

 the musical rasp. 



At Santa Clara a section of gourd, jpolcc^e {po^ gourd; l^a'be^ to 

 break, broken, fragment), painted green on the concave surface, 

 decorated with four eagle feathers, and mounted on a short stick, is 

 carried by each male dancer in the Zuiii Basket Dance. It is said to 

 represent the sun. 



Sek'sey. 



f Gossyplwn Ho pi Lowton. Cotton.^ 



Cotton was formerly cultivated in small quantities at the Rio Grande 

 pueblos; cotton thread was spun and cloth was woven. Some of the 

 villages which did not raise cotton imported it from others as raw 

 material for their own spinning and weaving. It was always an 

 article of luxury on account of the smallness of the quantity which 

 could be gathered in a single year and the tedious labor needed 

 to prepare it for use. 



At the time of the discovery, Jaramillo reported that the people of 

 the Rio Grande villages "raise and have a very little cotton, of which 

 they make the cloaks which I have spoken of." The author of the 

 Relacion del Suceso says: "They raise cotton — I mean those who live 

 near the river — the others do not;" he notes that at Cicuique (Pecos) 

 and Yuraba (Taos) no cotton is raised. In the Tiguex pueblos "they 

 gather cotton, but not much, and wear cloaks of it."^ Coronado 

 requisitioned three hundred or more pieces of cloth from the twelve 

 villages of Tiguex, but the material is not specified;^ probably the 

 greater number were of rabbit fur and yucca fiber. In 1630, accord- 

 ing to Benavides, the two hundred and fifty Spanish soldiers who 



IF. L. Lewton, The Cotton of the Hopi Indians: A New Species of Gossypium, says that a speci- 

 men of cotton received from Mrs. Matilda Coxe Stevenson from Tuonyo Camp, Espanola, N. Max., 

 appears to be identical v?ith the Hopi cotton/ (rOssj/piMm Hopi Lewton. 



2Relaci6n Prostrerade Sivola, Fourteenth Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. Ethn., 1896. At present the Hano 

 people card their cotton with wool-cards. 



3 Castaneda, ibid., 495. Nordenskiold found cotton yarn and cloth, but not cotton-seed, in the cliff- 

 dwellings of the Mesa Verde, in southwestern Colorado. Cotton-seed have been reported found in 

 cliff-dwellings in southern Utah. (Nordenskiold, Cliff Dwellers of the Mesa Verde, p. 94.) 



In an interment in a cave at the Rito de los Frijoles, the body was wrapped in a white cotton 

 garment. (E. L. Hewett, Excavations at El Rito de los Frijoles in 1909.) 



