I^^^f,!i^^^;!i^J'n''rf^''^™^''l ETHNOBOTANY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 103 



formed the j^arrison of Santa Fe were paid by a tribute raised from 

 the neighboring- villages, the Indians giving for each house a j^ard of 

 cotton cloth {una vara de lienzo de algodoTi) and a bushel {fanega) of 

 maize. 



In modern times the general tendency has been for the people of 

 the Kio Grande villages to abandon the cultivation and manufacture 

 of cotton and to buy woven and embroidered cotton goods from the 

 Hopi, importing them either directly or through the Keresan pueblos. 

 Nevertheless, white cotton blankets with red and black woolen borders 

 were woven at Nambe within living memor}'-. At Santa Clara the last 

 man who wove large ceremonial blankets of cotton {sega) died less 

 than thirty 3^ears ago; and a man who died in 1909 used to raise a small 

 (piantity of cotton, probably to provide cotton string for tying prayer- 

 feathers and for other ceremonial uses. 



At Santa Clara selcstntqij^ 'cotton seed' {seFs^y^ cotton; tqij^ seed), 

 obtained from Jemez, is used as a remedy for baldness in children. 

 The seeds are crushed and the tqntu; kernels {tqy^ seed; tu^ kernel) 

 are taken out and chewed, and applied to the child's head. Sel'sen- 

 khDiQ.'seny,, 'you I smear it with cotton seed' {nd, you I; ^seny,, to 

 smear it). 



At Hano a small quantity of cotton is raised by a few individuals. 

 But in general the Hano people, like the Hopi, buy cotton batting from 

 the traders for their spinning and weaving, and commercial cotton 

 string is used for warps. Native cotton is prepared for the strings of 

 prayer-feathers. Shinny-balls (hniqmele) are stuti'ed with cotton or 

 with wool. 



Sa. 



Nicotiana attenilata. Tobacco. New Mexican Spanish punche. 



This is the general word meaning tobacco, but it applies especially 

 to tliis species, which is sometimes distinguished from commercial 

 tobacco as towasa, 'Indian tobacco' {hjwa, person, people, Indian; sa 

 tobacco). Any kind of wild tobacco is called po'sesa {po'se, ceremonial; 

 6'«, tobacco). 



Nicotiana attenuata was formerly cultivated by the New Mexican 

 Tewa, but now, as a rule, it is bought from their Spanish recinos. 

 The dried leaves and other parts of the plant are smoked in pipes, 

 saku {sa, tobacco; ka, stone), and in cigarettes of corn-husk. While 

 commercial tobacco is increasingly used for pleasure, iowasa must be 

 smoked on all formal occasions, at religious ceremonies in the estufas 

 or in private houses, at the meetings of councils and societies, and at 

 the reception of visitors from distant pueblos. At Santa Clara the 

 goJjernador -pvovides iowasa Sind, if possible, pynp'unse'^ (p. 72), to be 

 smoked by the pri7icipales and ojiciales at his council meetings; and on 

 January 1 it is usual for the outgoing gobernador to hand over what 



