104 BUEEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 55 



remains of his stock of towasa to his successor, for use at his first 

 council, for which he may well be unprepared. 



The mode of smoking at Santa Clara, at the council, or in a private 

 house, is as follows: The host (or presiding official) la3^s on the floor 

 one or more bundles of clean smooth corn-husks, TcuyVowa^ selected 

 and saved in October, together with the bags, samy, {sa^ tobacco; my,^ 

 bag), of sa and pim.p\mse,''^ . Each person when ready to smoke takes a 

 husk from the bundle, creases it with fingers and teeth, and cuts it to 

 a convenient size with his thumb-nail, unless the host has already trim- 

 med a number of husks with scissors to save trouble. Taking a pinch 

 of sa and a leaf or two of pimp'uns^^^ from the bags, the smoker rolls 

 and bruises them with his right thumb and finger in the palm of his left 

 hand. He dampens the slip of corn-husk in his mouth and draws it 

 between his teeth to make it flexible, lays the pinch of mixed tobacco 

 in the middle of the slip, rolls it into a cigarette about 2i inches long, 

 licks the outer edge and pinches the cigarette together, folds up and 

 pinches the ends, and looks round for a light. At this point one of 

 the 3^ounger men of the household, or the Jiscal if it be a meeting 

 of the governor's council, ought to present the glowing end of the 

 2/ap'e, 'fire-stick' {p'a, fire; p'^e, stick), a slender rod about 3 feet long 

 which he has allowed to smolder in the fireplace; but it is now quite 

 usual to provide commercial matches, p'ap'e or poj/o^iu (<Span. 

 fosfoTo). The smoker lights the cigarette and smokes it, coughing 

 and spitting freely; the small quantity of tobacco is soon consumed, 

 and the rest of the cigarette is thrown on the floor. ^ Very rarel}^, on 

 these occasions, a smoker may be observed to blow the first six puffs 

 of smoke in the six ritual directions. At "general councils" attended 

 by delegates from other pueblos the gobernadof and fiscales of the 

 entertaining pueblo pass round the tobacco and the fire-stick to the 

 guests. 



At religious ceremonies tobacco is smoked in pipes, saku. 



The native tobacco seems to be irritating to the throat and eyes, and 

 few men at Santa Clara smoke it for pleasure. Three or four ciga- 

 rettes at the most are smoked by each person at a meeting, and the 

 smoker complains of the effects next day. Commercial tobacco is 

 more freely used, but most men profess not to smoke by daylight, 

 except after a journey. 



Until lately boys were forbidden to smoke "until they had killed 

 deer, buffalo, jack-rabbit, and coyote," and if they transgressed they 

 were thrown into the river. Unmarried men were not allowed to 

 smoke in the presence of their elders. Quite recently the ^ojike (winter 

 cacique) of San Juan called a council because three young boys had 

 been found smoking commercial tobacco; the culprits were publicly 



I In a folk-tale heard at Santa Clara the procedure of an other-world council Is thus described; 

 "They were smoking and spitting, and the corn-husk was piled a foot deep on the floor." 



