PRlfSruliTcT'™'''] ETHNOBOTANY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 107 



pdbinele^ 'flower alone.' M. 



p'cfog?/, 'new hair.' F. 



'ol-^^/' fluff.' F. 



'oKfe, 'white fluff.' F. 



'y^, 'smoke.' F 



satele, 'fond of tobacco.' M. 

 pukwijo^ 'rabbit old lady.' F. 



Jcwqy^ ' jackrabbit.' F. 



''ojep'tVi 'black ears.' M. * 



^^Zw, 'mixed-colored.' F. 

 See also sapPirj (p. 47), tusa (p. 74), ''ojope (p. 54), and fnutj/ auce"^ 

 (p. 72). 



INTRODUCED FOOD-PLANTS 



Introduced Food-plants Cultivated by the Tewa > 



Tqtq (perhaps a corruption of tqnta, seed grass <Mij^ seed; ta, 



grass). 

 Wheat. New Mexican Spanish trlgo. 



Wheat seed is called Mi^a^^C'i/, 'wheat seed' (Wic/7?, wheat; z!a?;, seed). 



Gushing gives as the Zuni name for "wheat food" I'liialtciioe? 



When first introduced into the Tewa country, wheat was no doubt 

 classed in Indian speech as a particularly well-seeded grass. Onate's 

 colonists raised it under irrigation at San Gabriel before the year 

 1601. In the revolt of August, 1680, against Spanish government 

 and civilization the Tewa are said to have burned their crops of wheat, 

 along with swine, poultry, and church furniture. At the present 

 day wheat is highly valued, and is rituall}^ mentioned along w^ith the 

 aboriginal foodstuffs; it is even introduced into stories which purport 

 to describe pre-Spanish events, the Indians not being sensitive to 

 anachronisms of this kind. The proportion of wheat to corn under 

 cultivation is now very large, as appears l)y the following table: 



Estimated grain crops of the Pueblos under the Santa Fe super intendencij^ 



Wheat Maize 



1901 31,038 bushels 30,710 bushels 



1903 20,194 bushels 21,854 bushels 



1904 18,521 bushels 16,650 bushels 



' From letters sent from San Gabriel to Mexico shortly before 1601, Torquemada (Monarchia Indiana, 

 lib. V, cap. xxxx) names several imported vegetables successfullj' raised under irrigation from the 

 Chama River: "cabbages, onions, lettuces, radishes, and other small garden-stuff . . . many good 

 melons and sandias . . . Spanish wheat, maize, and Mexican chile all do well." Benavides 

 (Memorial) , describing New Mexico in general, but possibly drawing his information from the Santa 

 Fe district — he was resident at Santa Clara in 1629— gives the following list of imported and native 

 vegetables: "m.aize, wheat, beans (frijoles), lentils, chick-peas, beans (habas), peas, squashes, 

 watermelons (sandias), melons, cucumbers; all kinds of garden-stuff; cabbages, lettuces, carrots, 

 carpos, garlic, onions, tunas, pitahayas, excellent plums, apricots, peaches, nuts, acorns, mulberries, 

 and many others." 



2F. H. Gushing, Zuni Breadstuff, The Millstone, ix, 12, Dec, 1884, p. 223. 



'Reports of the V. S. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1901, p. 716, 1902; 190.3, p. 5.30; 1904, p. 622, 1905. 

 The last-named year was a very dry season. 



