110 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 55 



At Hano wheat is not raised, but small quantities of the grain are 

 obtained, probably from Moenkapi. To prepare wheat, the women 

 wash it, bruise it with the grinding stones to loosen the "skin," dry it 

 in the sun, and shake it well until the "skin " comes off; it is then boiled 

 with meat. Commercial wheat flour is much used for raised bread, 

 biscuit, k(ipowsenu, etc. 



TdtQ p'o'ir), 'hairy wheat' {t4td^ wheat; p'o^ hairy, hair). 



Barley. New Mexican Span, cehada. 



^Ahena (<Span. avena). 



Oats. Oats and barley ar(^ threshed in the same manner as wheat. 

 New Mexican Spanish avena. 



KarwL (<Span. cana). 



Cane, Sugar Cane. New Mexican Spanish cana. 



Kana ^ulse ( < Span, cana dulce). 



Sweet Cane, Sugar Cane. New Mexican Spanish coMa dulce. 

 The New Mexican Tewa first became acquainted with sugar in the 

 form of cane sirup, introduced by the Spaniards, and therefore call 

 it '(Ipo, a name which they originally applied to honey. Honey is 

 now designated piiny,'dpo, 'fly-sweetness water,' or ywouombeklpo, 

 'bee-sweetness water, {jp'unu, fly, insect; 'apo, sirup, sugar <'a, sweet- 

 ness, sweet, po, water; ywodombe, bee). The white powdered sugar 

 of American commerce is called '4''i' fsseH,' 'sweet white' ('g, sweet- 

 ness, sweet; fsse,^ whiteness, white). The Navaho call it "sweet salt" 

 or "nice salt." 



Sirup, ^qpo ('g, sweetness; po, water) was made at Santa Clara 

 within living memory. The cane stalks were squeezed into a large 

 wooden press, the juice running into a wooden trough (?) which had 

 formerly served as a canoa on the Kio Grande. As it was necessary 

 to boil the juice immediately after pressing, a large party of men, 

 women, and children would assemble to do the work, keeping up the 

 fires all night, with singing, drumming, and dancing. 



Ta. 



Bean. New Mexican Spanish yr?j/o/. 



See (page 99). 



Tu heeniy, 'large bean' {tu^ bean; he^ey, large). 



Lima bean. New Mexican Spanish lima. 



Tufssehe, 'white fruit bean' {tu, bean; tss^, white; be, round thing, 



roundish fruit). 

 Pea. New Mexican Spanish arvejon. 



SI {Allium, cemuuTYi, wild onion). 

 Onion. New Mexican Spanish ceholla. 

 The name of the wild plant has been transferred to the introduced 

 vegetable. 



Onions, fried with meat or beans, or alone, are a favorite food. 



