114 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 55 



P\'pe (^V, stick, plant; pe, seed, fruit, crop) is used especially of 

 small garden fruits and the berries of wild plants. 



Dried fruit is designated regularly by adding the adjective or the 

 noun to, 'dry,' 'dryness.' Thus: he p o' V^ ta^ i^ ^ ' dried peaches,' veg. 

 3+ plu. (6^, roundish fruit, apple; p^o^ hairy, hair; to, dry, dryness); 

 or he po'i'^ ia, literally 'peaches dryness,' veg. 3+ plu. (he, roundish 

 fruit, apple; p'o, hairy, hair; to, dry, dryness). 



If the dried strips of melons, squashes, pumpkins, etc., are twisted 

 into a roll, the roll is called, if, for instance, of muskmelon, heny^n- 

 ^'lia'obu, 'roll of dried muskmelon' {bejiyn^i^ muskmelon; to, dry, 

 dryness; \>bu^ twisted roll of anj^thing). If the dried muskmelon is 

 not twisted into a roll, one would say simply, 6<??i'jiv?^l to'/'*, 'dried 

 muskmelons,' veg. 3+ plu. {heny,n4l, muskmelon; to, dry, dryness). 



Jam or sauce made of any kind of fruit is called sse, a word which 

 is also applied to stewed meat. Thus: besx, 'fruit sauce,' 'apple 

 sauce' (be, roundish fruit, apple; sx, sauce, stew). Jelly is called tfele 

 (<Eng. jelly) or ^aZm <Span. ;/aZea. 



All names of introduced fruits are used of both the trees and the 

 fruits without distinction. In this respect Tewa differs from Spanish. 

 The Spanish names of fruits, not of fruit trees, are given below. 



Introduced Fruits Commonly Cultivated by thk Tewa^ 



Be, 'roundish fruit.' In Hano Tewa apple is never called be. 



Mansana (< Span, manzana). 



Apple. New Mexican Spanish manzana. 

 Apples are preserved for winter use by cutting them in rings and 

 threading them on strips of yucca to dry. The kosa (clowns) some- 

 times wear these and other dried foods — chiles, sweet-corn ears — as 

 necklaces. Apples and cakes are thrown into the air and trampled 

 into the ground at the conclusion of some autumn dances. Choice 

 apples are hung up hj strings tied to the stalks and kept to be offered 

 in the churchyard on Noveml)er 2. Apples are considered an appro- 

 priate present from host to guest or from guest to hostess. 



Many of the Tewa have small apple orchards, mostly of a small, 

 thin-skinned yellow apple. In October and November the women 

 buy apples from "Mexican" peddlers, paying for them in corn on the 

 cob, a basket of corn for a basket of apples. Some of the Santa Clara 



1 The importance which these introduced fruits have gained in the Tewa economy is shown by the 

 fact that one informant at Santa Clara substituted them for indigenous trees in a scheme of cardinal 

 points, thus: "At the beginning there were no mountains; the earth was not yet hard; there were 

 no trees, except only in the north an apple {manzana ^e); and in the west apricots {albaricoque, 

 s^qu'qm^e (?)); and in the south Je rsejir) (?) and behind them plums {ciruelas, j)i^e~), for which reason 

 they are red; and in the east peaches (duraznos, ^e p'o'{'i){1) . . . When the waters subsided, 

 these trees dropped their fruits into the mud as seed for the world." 



