12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 37 
one thin), long bones, and one piece of a child’s rib. There was also 
the stem of a clay pipe so poorly burned that it fell apart. At the 
east end of the deposit was a clay pipe (fig.3). The earth about these 
bones and at various other points within the excavated area was as 
hard as if once puddled. As in most mounds in this neighborhood, 
there were chips and spalls of flint, and fragments of human and 
animal bones scattered about loose in the earth. 
MOUND NO. 3 
On the highest point of the hill which separates the creek from the 
river is a mound 40 feet in diameter and 4 feet in height, built of 
earth and stones in about equal proportions. Relic hunters had dug 
a trench from the south margin to a point a few feet beyond the 
center. At one end of their excavation a few rocks, held in position 
by roots of a tree, remained to indicate that a vault, or burial cham- 
ber, had once existed, the walls of which were thoroughly demolished. 
Examination of the undisturbed portion showed that a considerable 
amount of rock had been piled against the outside of the east wall to 
hold it in position. The west and north walls, however, were not 
thus protected, being kept in place by earth. The method of sup- 
port for the south wall could not be ascertained. The mound had 
not extended more than a foot above the highest stone of the vault. 
No material was found in this mound except a few potsherds and a 
small piece of skull in the disturbed earth. 
EXPLORATIONS ABOUT THE MOUTH OF OSAGE RIVER 
THe Ewine Mowunps (6) 
On the farm of Mr. Paul G. Ewing, a mile and a half west of Osage 
City, seven mounds stood along the brow of a hill facing Roisden 
creek, which flows at the foot of the western slope. All these mounds 
had been reduced by cultivation. 
MOUND NO. 1 
Mound no. 1, that situated farthest south, was 34 feet across and 
3 feet high. A foot below the top and 2 feet south of the center 
were three limestone slabs covering an area of a square foot; nothing 
was found under them. On the same level, at the center, lay a 
decayed skull, the teeth of which were much worn; mingled with the 
fragments of this skull were the point of a bone awl, a small finely 
wrought flint drill, three small fragments of flint, and a rude hammer 
stone; no other bones were with or near the skull. A foot below the 
level just mentioned were the feet bones belonging to another body, 
which had been interred with the head toward the east. In the same 
