iv: BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 37 
On the bottom of the vault were four flat stones, under which were 
femora and parts of skulls of two adults, and a femur of a person 
half-grown. All these had been dug out and thrown back at an 
earlier exploration. They were solid and fresh-looking, though only 
the shafts of the femora remained; all were much gnawed by mice. 
The doorway in the south wall was 2 feet 3 inches wide at the 
bottom. This also was reached between wing walls, which were 
well laid up for 3 feet 10 inches from the inside of vault, and con- 
tinued irregularly for 3 feet farther. The brace rocks of the main 
walls were larger than found elsewhere, and placed in a more orderly 
manner. The measurements between their outer margins were 19 
feet 5 inches north and south by 15 feet 2 inches east and west. 
The north wall with abutting stones is shown in plate 13, and the 
south wall inside, with west wall of doorway, are shown in plate 14. 
It is clear that these misnamed “‘underground houses” are of 
essentially the same character as the burial vaults in Boone and 
other counties to the eastward. The only point of difference is in 
the wing walls extending outward from the doorway, a feature that 
has not been noted elsewhere. There can be no doubt that all these 
‘‘vaults’’ were intended for burial places, and for that purpose only. 
Though careful watch was kept, no indication was discovered in any 
of them of supports for a roof or other covering to shelter the interior 
from the weather. Neither was there trace of a fire-bed or of 
the natural: accumulation of rubbish which would result from occu- 
pancy for living purposes. The diminutive size of the chambers 
is also against the theory of ‘‘houses;” though large enough to crawl 
into, yet if poles had been laid across even at a sharp angle and 
thatched with grass or weeds, there would have been no room to 
stand or move about; a skin wigwam would be more commodious 
‘and satisfactory. The condition and appearance of the earth in 
all of them prove it was carried in; it did not fall from, or with, 
a roof. ; 
THe Kiamm Mounp 
North of Brenner’s is Mr. Klamm’s farm. On a narrow ridge on 
his land stood a mound about 25 by 30 feet and 4 feet high. Several 
years ago the north end was much dug by relic hunters, and in the 
fall of 1906 the remainder of it was torn out. All this work was done 
recklessly; shortly after the last spoliation, among the earth and 
stones thrown out were fragments of bones indicating the presence of 
the remains of at least four persons, one of large stature. There were 
three jaws, two those of persons not fully grown; in the other jaw the 
molars had disappeared so long before death that the cavity in the 
bone had entirely closed. Broken pottery, scattered around, showed 
by varying decoration that not fewer than four vessels were de- 
stroyed. 
