CONTENTS 



PAGE 



Preface vii 



Northern Ponca informants ix 



Southern Ponca informants x 



Phonetic key xi 



Introduction 1 



Origins 10 



Ponca History, by Peter Le Claire 16 



Enter the Long-Knives 23 



The Ponca "Trail of Tears" 30 



Economy 39 



Material culture and housing 51 



Dress and adornment 61 



Learning and art 70 



Social organization 81 



Religion, dances and ceremonies, and games 99 



Sports and games 125 



War and peace 130 



Life cycle 141 



Northern Ponca-Southern Ponca: differential acculturation „ 156 



Literature cited 165 



Index 173 



V 



