INDEX 



189 



Sun, time measured by, 74 



Sunfish, 8 



Sunflower, representation of, 66 



Supper, 46 



Surgeons, Bear-Buffalo shamans, 117 



Surround, hunting method, 4U 



"Suspenders," 64, 79 



Swanton, John R., 14 



Swanskin wrapping, 40 



Sweat baths, 59 



Sweat lodges, 59 



Sweetgrass, 69 



Sweetpeas, wild, 43 



pods of, roasted, 145 

 Swine, 49 



Syringe, animal bladder and bird leg 

 bone, 151 



Tabeau, Pierre, 9 



Tables, 47, 58 



Taboos, clan, 88, 89, 90, 97, 154 



father-in-law, 86 



menstrual, 146 



mother-in-law, 86 



plant, 76 

 Tama, Iowa, 109 

 Tanning, 52, 53 

 Taos Pueblo, 114, 115 

 Tassels, beaded, 68 

 Tattooing, 61, 98, 113 

 Tea, mescal bean, 123, 124 

 Teasing, between brother and sister, 85 

 Temples, 1 



Tents, 17, 85, 40, 58, 79, 83, 145 

 Terms, kinship, 86 



Teton Dakota Indians, 2, 9, 27, 28, 29, 

 32, 40, 46, 47, 49, 61, 68, 105, 108, 

 109, 111, 112, 117, 124, 131, 132, 

 133, 134, 135, 147, 156, 157 



raids on Ponca Indians, 133 



war parties, 30, 32, 33 

 Teton Dakota language, 7 

 Thalictrum purpurascens, 69 

 Thanksgiving, celebration of, 51 

 Thongs, 62, 64, 101 

 Thread, 32 

 Thunder, 34, 75, 76, 124 



See also Mythology. 

 Tibbies, Thomas H., 37 

 Tiepins, silver, 68 

 Tilia americana, 51 

 Time, measurement of, 74 

 Tinder, dry-grass, 54 

 Tipis, V, 6, 21, 35, 51, 56, 57, 60, 93, 96, 

 100, 122, 144, 161 



as symbol of Peyote religion, 57, 58 



ceremonial, 102, 125 



circle of, 103 



cover for, 40, 57, 80 



decoration of, 79 



ownership of, 96 



construction of, 57 



of preparation, 103 



poles for, 40, 50, 57 



Thunder god, 75 



toy, 145 

 Tipsina {see Prairie turnip), 43, 44, 46 



Tobacco, 26, 28, 44, 47 



bags, beaded or quilled, 62 



pouch, otterskin, 61 



presentation of, 19, 105, 106 

 Tonkawa Indians, 124, 135 

 Tools, chipped-stone, 53 



copper, 3 

 Tornado, destruction caused by, 34 

 Towns, 1, 4, 5 

 Trackers, 19, 20 



Trade goods, acquisition of, v, 13, 26 

 (list), 28 (list) 



European, 12, 13, 25, 27, 32, 42 



Middle American, 3 

 Traders, 4, 26, 27 



European, 4, 42 



White, contact with, v, 5, 90, 91 

 Trading craft, raiding of, by Ponca 



Indians. 25 

 Trading posts, 26, 28 

 Trail markers, 17, 18, 71 

 "Trail of Tears," Ponca, 2 (map) , 30-39 

 Transvestite, see Berdache. 

 Trapping, 42, 43, 50 

 Travois, 48, 50 

 Treaties, peace, 105 



1817, 22 



1825, 22 



1858, 23, 31, 32 



1865, 31 



1866, 35 

 1868, 133 



Trees, 9 (list) 



Trenton, Nebr., 112 



Tribal circle arrangement, 56, 57, 87, 88 



(fig.), 89 (fig.) 

 Tribal council. Northern Ponca, 39, 94 

 Tribal domain, 157 

 Tribes, American Indian, reputation of, 



23 

 Missouri Valley, 39, 91 

 Southeastern, 107 

 Southern Prairie and Plains, 114 

 Trod-on-two, son of Chief Smoke-maker, 



30 

 Trousers, 32 

 Trudeau. Jean Baptiste, French trader, 



25,26 

 Trudeau, Zenon, lieutenant governor 



of Spanish Illinois, 26 

 Tube, bone, 12 

 Turbans, 48, 52, 137 

 Turkey, wild, 77 



water, 123 

 Turnips, preservation of, 46 

 Turtles, 8, 43 



Tweezers, metal or clamshell, 70 

 Twelve Apostles, identified with number 



twelve, 73 

 Twin Buttes, 18 

 Two Crows, Indian man, 71, 153 



Ukiaba, Ponca tribal hero, 128 



Ulna pick, 12 



Umbilical cord, preservation of, 144 



"Uncle," 82, 85 



"Uncle Albert," see Makes-cry, Albert 



Uncle-nephew relationship, 85 



