84 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 197 



PERIOD 5. 1910 PRESENT 



The fifth and final period in the development of the population 

 records of the Navaho begins with the completion of the second special 

 enumeration of Indians by the Bureau of the Census, and closes with 

 the preparation of the tribal roll in 1939. In addition to the occur- 

 rence of the census, the year 1910 marked the inauguration of a more 

 detailed system for recording population data. The reservation was 

 subdivided into five areas, each to be administered by a separate 

 agency. These agencies remained separate until 1934, when they were 

 again combined into a single agency with headquarters at Window 

 Rock, Ariz. 



In this subdivision, the original agency, with headquarters at Fort 

 Defiance, became known as the Southern Agency. The remainder of 

 the reservation was composed of the Western Agency, with headquar- 

 ters at Tuba City, Ariz.; the San Juan or Shiprock Agency (later 

 known as the Northern Agency) with headquarters at Shiprock, N. 

 Mex. ; the Leupp Agency, with headquarters at Leupp, Ariz.; and the 

 Eastern Agency, with headquarters at Pueblo Bonito, N. Mex. (later 

 moved to Crownpoint, N. Mex.). In addition, the Hopi Agency was 

 established for the Hopi Reservation, but a number of Navahos 

 remained under its jurisdiction as well.^^ 



Each of these separate agencies was charged with the responsibility 

 of maintaining its own population records and submitting its own re- 

 ports to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Accordingly, the several 

 rolls that were originally prepared by the separate agencies have been 

 maintained as separate documents. This division had the further ad- 

 vantage that the population figures could be presented by State as well 

 as by agency, so that comparisons with census figures could be made 

 in greater detail. The figures on the population in the several agencies 

 were actually reported under separate school jurisdictions, one or more 

 of which was established in each agency. Since these jurisdictions 

 included Hopi, Paiute, and Eastern Pueblo Indians, as well as Navaho, 

 the figures submitted by each agency were further classified by tribe. 

 A further improvement of this reporting system was that after 1910 

 estimates were provided of the number of school-age children in each 

 school jurisdiction. Since the approximate ratio of school-age children 

 to total population can be determined with some reliability, compari- 

 sons of the reported number of school-age children with reported total 

 population figures can be made in considering the internal consistency 

 of any given population figures. 



*3 The approximate boundaries of these subdivisions can be determined from an examina- 

 tion of map 4, p. 126 : the Western Agency comprises land management districts 1, 2, 

 and 3; the Southern Agency comprises 4, 7, 10, 11, 14, 17, and 38; the Eastern Agency 

 comprises 15, 16, and 19 ; the Northern Agency comprises 8, 9, 12, and 13 ; the Leupp 

 Agency comprises No. 5 ; and the Hopi Agency comprises No. 6. 



