hrdlicka] 



PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 



The fauna and flora of the region are (Hminisliing in im])ortance 

 to the Indian. The (Langerous animals of prey as well as the larger 

 game are, in man^^ localities, being tliinned out or exterminated, and 

 the cultivated products of the soil are gradually superseding more 

 and more the roots and seeds of wild plants used for food. There 

 remain the smaller noxious animals, the parasites and insects (ticks, 

 lice, worms, mosquitoes, flies, ants, spiders, centipeds, etc.), scor- 

 pions, and snakes, and also the ivies and other poisonous ])lants. 

 These impose on the native not onl}' a considerable struggle, but also 

 much danger to health and even life. 



III. INDIAN POPULATION 



In the vast region which has been briefly described there are still to 

 be found somewhat more than 100,000 Indians of pure blood. Tliis 

 aboriginal population, as well as the much more numerous white and 

 mixed elements, increases, generally speaking, in density from north 

 to south. In southwestern United States all the tribes, with the 

 exception of a portion of the Papago, reside on reservations. The 

 densest native population is found in Mexico, along the Rio Mayo 

 in Sonora, in the Otomi country of the state of Hidalgo, and in the 

 Tarasco region of Michoacan, The territory southwest and southeast 

 from that covered by this paper has an Indian population that largely 

 outnumbers the whites. Available official data give the numerical 

 strength of the tribes studied as follows : 



Population 

 A. UNITED STATES TRIBES VISITED 



a Eleventh Census. , 



6 Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 



c Special reports of agents and Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 



d In the enumeration of 1890 the White Mountain, Fort Apache, and San Carlos Apache are stated 

 to have numbered together 4,041 individuals, which is undoubtedly an underestimate. 



« The Report on Indians of the Eleventh Census contains the clause: " 57 Southern Utes have recently 

 been removed to the Uinta agency, Utah." Some of this number, apparently not counted with the 

 Southern Ute in 1890, may have returned before 1900, thus causing the seeming Increase in the tribe. 

 In 1905 the Southern Ute are reported as follows: Fort Lewis school (unallotted Ute), 502; Southern 

 Ute school (Capotes and Moache), 385; in 1906: Fort Lewis school (Wiminuche, unallotted), 464; 

 Southern Ute school, 381. 



/San Carlos, 1,066; Coyoteros, 489; and Tontos, 667; In addition to which there were 2 San Carlos 

 and 2 Tonto pupils in the school at Phoenix. 



9 1902. 



ft In the 1905 and 1906 counts are apparently included the Lipan, about 25 individuals, who formerly 

 lived about the Santa Rosa mountains, northern Mexico. 



