8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



The people generally known as Apache, but who call themselves 

 N'de, are to-day confined to three reservations in the Southwest. Of 

 these the largest is in southern Arizona, and its two divisions are 

 known as the White Mountain and the San Carlos Indian reserves; 

 the second is the Mescalero reservation, lying largely in the Sierra 

 Blanca of southeastern New Mexico; and the third is the Jicarilla 

 reservation, situated in northwestern New Mexico. Besides these 

 there are 98 Chiricahua prisoners of w^ar at Fort Sill and a band of 

 155 so-called Kiowa Apache under the Kiowa agency, Oklahoma; 

 a small free band of Chiricahua are believed still to be in the moun- 

 tains of northern Chihuahua. The Apache segregated on the White 

 Mountain and the San Carlos reserves, in Arizona, include the tribes 

 known as Tontos, Pinalenos, Mimbrenos, Coyoteros, and Gileiios, 

 together with settled Chiricahua and remnants of tribes or bands for- 

 merly known to the whites under still other appellations. It is 

 doubtful if these divisions were at any time separate tribes in the 

 strict sense of the term; more likely they were bands living more or 

 less apart and were given the above-mentioned names by the Mexicans." 



Besides the foregoing subdivisions of the Apache there are found in 

 the Southwest two other Athapascan tribes, the Navaho in New 

 Mexico and Arizona, and the Lipan until 1904 around Piedras Negras 

 and the Santa Rosa mountains near the Mexican boundary in Chi- 

 huahua, but now removed to the Mescalero reservation in New^ Mex- 

 ico. The Lipan, reduced to about 30 individuals, are a true branch 

 of the Apache. The Navaho, notwithstanding the practical unity of 

 language and doubtless some Apache mixture, are much more closely 

 related both physically and ethnically to the Pueblos. 



There are also two small tribes in northern Arizona who speak the 

 Yuman language, but physically approximate very closely the true 

 Apache, namely, the Walapai (in their own language E-fo) and the 

 Havasupai. Small bands in Arizona known as the Mohave Apache or 

 Yavapai, and the Yuma Apache, both now located mainly at the 

 old Camp McDowell, are very nearly pure contigents respectively of 

 the Mohave and the Yuma. Until recently they lived on the San 

 Carlos reservation, but held aloof from the Apache and acquired 

 neither their blood nor their language. 



The Apache group is one of great interest in that it presents a 

 clearly defined physical type, radically difi^erent from that of most of 

 its present neighbors, as well as from that of the ancient inhabitants 

 of the same territory. Examination of the living, as well as of the 

 skeletal remains, shows remarkable homogeneity, notwithstanding a 

 slight Mexican admixture through former captives. The Jicarillas 



a The names of these bands, and the loeahties which they occupied, have been siininiarized by Ban- 

 croft, Native Races, I, 473 et seq. For oilier bands see the author's Notes on San Carlos Apache, 

 American Anthropologist, n. s., vii, no. 3, ,luIy-Sept., 1905, 480. 



