10 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



The . Papago (in their language O-o-tam or Pa-'pa-ve O-o-tam) 

 occupy more than 20 small villages '^ along the frontier of Arizona 

 and vSonora. The largest of these settlements is San Xavier, south 

 of Tucson. More or less isolated rancherias extend southward to 

 near the Rio de Altar, in Sonora. A small separate body of Papago 

 are settled west of Torres, a station on the Sonora railway a short 

 distance south of Hermosillo. The tribe has a slight Spanish admix- 

 ture, but preserves to a great extent its independence and many 

 primitive habits. Being closely related in language to the Pima, 

 the Papago were supposed to be physically identical with them, but 

 such is not the case, although there is considerable blood relationship 

 between the two tribes, due to intermarriage. 



The Pima know themselves as Ak-ki-nal-tam-o-tam ("river peo- 

 ple", referring to the Gila, their principal stream). They have inter- 

 married with the Papago and to a slight extent with the Maricopa 

 also. The Pima are a very interesting tribe physically, being closely 

 related in this respect to the ancient people of southern Utah in the 

 north, the Tarahumare in the south, and the great race of American 

 dolichocephals in general. 



The Pimas Bajos, or Nevome, still live along a part of the upper 

 Rio Yaqui, as well as in certain localities about Ures (e. g., Pueblo 

 Yiejo), and a few of this tribe are found in the district of Magdalena, 

 in Sonora. 



The Mohave know themselves as Mk-hd-ve (pronounced by some 

 mak-ha-ve, a-mak-ha-ve, a-mok-ha-ve), and are separated into two 

 groups. One of these is on the Colorado River reservation, the other 

 and larger about Needles and Fort Mohave. A closely related tribe, 

 formerly known as Yavapai, but now officially called Mohave Apache, 

 are settled on the Verde and at old Camp McDowell. The Mohave, 

 who are of almost pure blood, are physically related to the Yuma 

 and some of the Pueblos, as well as to the Mission Indians of Cali- 

 fornia. 



The Yuma (who call themselves Ku-tsa-ni) number more than 800, 

 divided into three bands. One of these, numbering fewer than 30 

 individuals, is at Camp McDowell; another, of about 50 persons, is 

 settled on the eastern bank of the Colorado near the boundary 

 line; and the third, the main body of the tribe, live in the low, allu- 

 vial, hot region along the western bank of the lower Colorado, nuiinly 

 in the neighborhood of the school at Fort Yuma, California. Wliile 

 closely allied physically to the Mohave, many exhibit characteristics 

 of physiognomy which remind the observer of the Navaho. 



The remnants of the Opata are found principally along the San 

 Miguel river, in Sonora, but they are met with also at many points 



a See the Map of Papago Indian towns by C. W. Wood, facing ]). 142, Report on Indians, Eleventh 

 Census, 1890, Washington, 1894. 



