PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 



AMONG THE INDIANS OF SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 

 AND NORTHERN MEXICO 



By AlE§ HuDLlflKA 



I. INTRODUCTION 



From 1898 to 1905, in the course of six expeditions," the writer 

 visited nearly all the Indian tribes in southwestern United States 

 (exclusive of California) and in northwestern Mexico. These expe- 

 ditions were made primarily in the interest of physical anthropology, 

 but, as a physician, the writer had exceptional opportunities for 

 acquiring information of a physiological and medical nature. The 

 results of his observations, accompanied by data the accuracy of 

 which seems clearly established, and including various relevant tests 

 and measurements, are herein presented. 



The tribes visited comprised the following: 



In southern Colorado: Southern Ute (with a band of Paiute in 

 southeastern Utah); in New Mexico: Jicarilla Apache, Navaho (also 

 in Arizona and southern Utah), the Rio Grande Pueblos of Taos, San 

 Juan, Jemez, Santo Domingo, Sia, and Isleta, and the western Pueblos 

 of Laguna, Acoma, Acomita, and Zuni; also the Mescalero Apache; 

 in Arizona: Hopi Pueblos, White Mountain and San Carlos Apache, 

 Mohave (eastern, or Yavapai, and western), IIa.vasupai, Walapai, 

 Papago, Pima, Maricopa, Yuma (mostly in California); in Sonora: 

 Opata, Yaqui, and Mayo; in Chihuahua: Tarahumare; in Durango: 

 Tepehuane; inTepic: Cora; in Jalisco: Huichol, Tepecano, remnants 

 of the Teul "Mekkos," and Nahua (Tuxpan) ; in Hidalgo: Otomi; 

 in Mexico: Mazahua, Otomi; in Michoacan: Tarasco; and in 

 Morelos: Aztec (Tlahuiltec). 



Opportunities for observation varied with the tribes. Among some, 

 intelligent aid and sympathetic cooperation were experienced, while 



a The five earlier expeditions were conducted under the general direction of Prof. F. W. Putnam, for 

 the American Museimi of Natural History, New York; the sixth was made under the auspices of the 

 Bureau of American Ethnology. The expenses of the second, third, fourth, and fifth expeditions were 

 generously borne by Messrs. Frederic E. Hyde, jr., and B. Talbot B. Hyde, of New Yurk City; and the 

 writer takes this occasion to express again his indebtedness to these gentlemen, and his appreciation 

 of the liberal spirit with which they have furthered the interests of American anthropology. 



3452— Bull. 34—08 1 



