18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



water and burden carrying, washing, cleaning, preparation of food 

 (particularly the laborious corn grinding), dressing of skins, as well 

 as, curiously enough, the construction and repair of dwellings, even of 

 the stone houses in the pueblos, are chiefly the function of the women. 

 In the heavier work in house building the men assist. 



All the Indians, where opportunity offers, keep a few cattle, horses, 

 mules, burros, and sheep. The largest numbers of both horses and 

 sheep are owned by the Navaho. Pigs are commonly disliked and 

 are seldom seen. Beside chickens, a few turkeys are raised. 



A few details with regard to Indian occupations may not be devoid 

 of interest. Among the Southern Ute, originally a tribe of hunters, 

 even with Government aid agriculture still receives but little atten- 

 tion. In consequence of this and of the decrease' in the game supply, 

 a portion of the people depend on Government rations. In 1902-3 

 these rations aggregated 25 per cent of the people's subsistence. 



Since their segregation on reservations, the Apache have taken 

 very kindly to agriculture. On the Fort Apache reservation the 

 writer has seen men plowing, with garlands of leaves on their heads. 



The Navaho are partly agriculturists, partly shepherds, but wher- 

 ever an opportunity occurs they show good trading abilities and are 

 readily adapting themselves to all work and handicrafts of the white 

 man. The sheep are tended mostly by girls or women; the horses 

 graze in definite places and .are looked after mostly but not exclu- 

 sively by the men. 



The Pueblos in general are typical agriculturists and the women 

 of most of the villages are good potters. The Papago, Pima, and 

 Maricopa are agricultural peoples; the women, particularly among the 

 Papago, make much basketry as well as pottery. The Mohave and 

 the Yuma, especially the latter, seem to be somewhat less devoted to 

 agriculture than the Pima or the Maricopa; they fish in the Colorado; 

 they make no basketry and but little pottery, but adapt themselves 

 readily to work among the whites. Numerous Mohave women make 

 a little money by beadwork, which they sell at Needles, while a num- 

 ber of the men are employed in railroad work, and others find profit 

 in boating on the river. 



The Mexican Indians are chiefly agriculturists. With the excep- 

 tion of the Papago of Sonora and of some Pima, to whom may perhaps 

 be added the Yaqui, none are fine basket makers or potters. The 

 mountain tribes still do much hunting as well as fishing; the latter 

 occupation is followed to a great extent also by some of the Nahua 

 (Chapala), Tarasco (Patzquaro), Yaqui, and Mayo. The Yaqui is a 

 jack-of-all-trades and the Otomi a beast of all burdens. Many of the 

 Otomi are employed by Mexicans as laborers, especially in gathering 

 the juice of the maguey and in the preparation of pulque. The 



