^4 BUKEAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



pend on native foods to a greater extent, especially when the cereals 

 become exhausted. They sell dried yucca fruit to the Pima. Like 

 the Pima, they make pinole from parched wheat. 



The Pima are great wheat growers. Occupying a very fertile val- 

 ley, when the water supply is sufficient their crops leave but little in 

 the way of food to be supplied; nevertheless, they are acquainted 

 with, and use on occasions, many of the native edible fruits, greens, 

 and roots (see Appendix) . Formerly the Pima successfully hunted the 

 deer. They also ate a certain kind of lizard, and rats likewise were 

 included among their edibles. They never had an aversion to fish, 

 clams (which formerly abounded in the Gila), or any other ac[uatic 

 animal, and the younger members of the tribe have no objection to 

 pork, poultry, eggs, and milk. They do not eat dogs, cranes, fish- 

 hawks, eagles, buzzards, crows, or snakes. Pork, although eaten, is 

 not sought for, and but few pigs are kept. 



The Pima school children show a preference for beans, sirup, 

 meat, and bread, in the order here given. They care but little for 

 oatmeal and rice. None of them are immoderate eaters. 



The Mohave live largely on the products of the soil. They eat 

 dogs ("dogs best meat"), however; also game and meat of all kinds, 

 and on occasions badgers, lizards of one species, and even coyotes. An 

 important article of their diet is bread made from the mesquite beans, 

 and they utilize the screw bean also for food. There is a species of root 

 that only the "braves" are permitted to eat. Allen'' reports that 

 "they will not eat the meat of the beaver, claiming that if they do 

 their necks will swell;" but they have no aversion to fish or any 

 other aquatic animal as food. 



The Yuma along the Colorado raise a limited amount of corn, wheat, 

 and beans, and many melons and squashes, and utilize, in large quan- 

 tities, the mesquite beans, from which they make mush; or bread. 

 They help to sustain themselves by fishing. 



The Opata, Yaqui, Mayo, and Tepehuane live almost wholly on the 

 products of agriculture, though they also keep some poultry and cat- 

 tle, and gather wild fruits, including an abundant supply of pitahaya 

 and tuna.'' At a certain time of the year the Opata fish in the rivers 

 for a species of minnow which they eat. The Yaqui eat the flesh 

 of the burro and the horse. The Yaqui and the Mayo living near 

 the sea do considerable fishing. 



The Tarahumare, under the pressure of frequent needs, have learned 

 to eat animal and vegetal substances of great diversity. They raise 

 some potatoes, chile, and sugar cane. The flowers of the squashes 

 are dried and kept, and from them is made a kind of porridge. Meat, 



oG. A. Allen, Manners and Customs of the Mohaves, Report of the Smithsonian Institution for 1890, 

 f)15, Washington, 1891. 

 b For native Mexican fruits see Rose (Bibliography). 



