hrdliCka] physiological AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 27 



part of the region here considered. Besides the above some of the 

 Indians occasionally prepare fermented liciuor from the pitaha3'a, from 

 mesquite beans (Mexico), from native grapes, and from other fruits, 

 or from honey. The whites have introduced whisky into the north, 

 and the impure and intoxicating sugar-cane rum, locally known as 

 aguardiente, among the southern tribes. 



The Ute, Navaho, and most of the Pueblos, Walapai, Havasupai, and 

 Mohave have at present no native alcoholic beverage. The Isleta 

 make some grape wine. 



The White Mountain, San Carlos, Chiricahua, and Mescalero Apache 

 make tulipi or tesvino,"^ to which are generally added as ''medicine," 

 to augment the effects of the drink, small quantities of several roots 

 of native plants. 



The writer took special pains to ascertain the ''medicines" added by 

 the San Carlos Apache to the tesvino and the reasons for their use. 

 The number proved large beyond expectation, but the results of the 

 inquiry why each particular substance was employed were rather dis- 

 appointing; the openly avowed purpose of the majority was to "make 

 more drunk." The individual articles and reasons for their use are as 

 follows : 



I-ze lu-Jcu-hi ("crazy medicine": Lotus wrightii) ; the part used is 

 the root; they say, it "makes us more drunk." 



Chil-ga-le ("make noise": Cassia couesii) ; part used, the root; 

 "makes the tulipi stronger." 



I-zel-chih, a plant that was not identified, is also occasionally added 

 to the tulipi to make it stronger and more intoxicating. 



I-ze-du-ghu-zhe ("medicine sticks") ; root occasionally added to the 

 tulipi to make it "taste more bitter— stronger." 



Sas-chil-tlah i-ze, sas-chil (Canotia holocantha) ; a plant with a root 

 of aromatic taste, that is often added to the tulipi" only to make it taste 

 better;" the root is chewed occasionally "just like candy." The seeds 

 of the plant, after being roasted, are also used for the same purpose. 



Ga-chuli pi-tla-lii-ya-lie (' ' under-it-the-j ack-rabbit-makes-his-bed ") ; 

 root occasionally added to the tulipi "to make it stronger." The 

 same is true of the roots of me-tci-da-il-tco (Perezia wrightii), and 

 tJili-lie-da-i-ga-si (' ' horse-eats-it ") .'' 



Besides the above, the San Carlos Apache occasionally put into the 

 tulipi some of the inner bark of the mesquite, which "just makes 

 the drink taste sweeter and better, so we like to drink more of it." 



a See author's Method of Preparing Tesvino among the White River Apache, American Anthropolo- 

 gist, n. s., VI, Jan.-Mar., 1904, 190-191. The Mescaleros are rpported by their agent to have made no 

 tesvino since October, 1897 {Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1900, 291). The San Carlos, 

 Tonto, and Coyotero Apache continue to make the Ijevcrage. Some among them have recently com- 

 menced to mix it with whislty. 



6 The collected samples of some of these plants were not in condition to permit identification. 



