34 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



them. Even sweat baths are not in vogue. When the field matron 

 at the base of the First mesa provided the means, Hopi women came 

 to bathe themselves as well as their children. 



The Zuni and most of the Rio Grande Pueblos are, in general, some- 

 what cleaner than the Hopi. Some of the Zuni dwellings are spacious 

 and neat, fully equal to habitations of the best class among the poorer 

 Mexicans; only a few, however, can be effectually heated in cold 

 w^eather. 



The Pima are rather timid, but of good habits; the younger gen- 

 eration has already adopted in a large degree the ways of whites. 



The Mohave about Needles are in a partially degraded condition, 

 somewhat similar to that of the Walapai. They are as yet rather 

 nonprogressive, though quite a])t and manageable. 



The Colorado River Yuma, although capable and intelligent, live 

 also in partial degradation. They do not plant much and rather shun 

 work, the men especially. They spend much time in gambling and 

 playing with tlie pole-and-ring,"^ or, dressed in all the fuierj^ they can 

 get and with painted faces, they lounge and strut about Yuma. 

 When the annual river overflow, upon which their crops depend, fails, 

 as occasionally happens, there is much poverty. The women in gen- 

 eral have a bad reputation for morality. Curiously, there is but little 

 drunkenness. It has been prohibited for several years by a chief of 

 the tribe under pain of corporal punishment for disobedience, and 

 the prohibition is kept in force to this day, though its originator is said 

 to be dead. 



With regard to the Sonora Indians, the reader is referred for par- 

 ticulars to the author's former contribution.'' The Opata, Yaqui, 

 Pima, and Mayo are half civilized, and their habits, vices included, 

 except in distant settlements, approach closely those of the ordinary 

 Mexicans. The strong-minded Yaqui are especially capable and good 

 workers, as well as good fighters. 



The Tarahumare, in Chihuahua, are one of the most primitive 

 tribes in existence. They are not especially spirited or progressive, 

 or noted for any exceptional mental traits. They approach in their 

 disposition and general character the Pueblos, but are less provident. 

 The men are, nevertheless, very good at trailing and hunting, and are 

 enduring walkers, runners, and carriers. Foot races are in great favor 

 among the younger men, and sometimes they are participated in even 

 by the women. There are many ceremonial dances, which usually 



a John Townsend, one of the more prosperous Indians, made, in 1902, a regular gambling place of his 

 house. At some distance in front of the house was a space for the pole-and-ring game, wliile the house 

 itself was reserved for card parties. Visitors paid the host 8 to 10 cents in the daytime and 20 cents at 

 night. In return the host provided for all coffee, meat, bread, and tobacco, also the cards and other 

 implements of play. When a man lost a horse at the pole-and-ring game, in addition to his loss he 

 had to pay the host $1, tliis fine being regarded perhaps as a restraining punishment. 



b Notes on the Indians of Sononi, Mexico, American Anthropologist, n. s., V, no. 1, Jan. -Mar., 1904. 



