HRDLicKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 4B 



gives on the average 5.5 living persons to a family. The tribe seems 

 to be slightly increasing in numbers, although it has suft'ered nnieh 

 from epidemics. 



In 1900 the Zuhi, according to data kindly furnished by Mr. D. D. 

 Graham, agent of the tribe, with a i)opulation of 1,525, had 207 fam- 

 ilies, which gives 5.7 as the average number of living persons in each. 

 The births from July 1, 1903, to June 30, 1904, amounted to 41 (27 

 per thousand), the deaths in the same period to 37. The tribe as a 

 whole is scarcely maintaining its numbers. 



Among the San Xavier Papago the ordinary number of living 

 children in a family ranges from 3 to 5. In the largest family 

 brought to the writer's attention there had been 12 children, but most 

 of these were dead. The people of this tribe are, in all probability, 

 increasing. 



Of late the Maricopa are decreasing in number, though the reason 

 is not clear. The people are strong physically and in no way de- 

 graded. 



No reliable statistics as to the size of the ^lohave family are at 

 hand, but the mortality is large and the tribe hardly holds its own. 

 Among the 551 Mohave temporarily settled on the San Carlos reser- 

 vation in 1890, the married persons numbered 239 ;'^ the children 

 under 1 year of age, 17 (31 per thousand); number of births during 

 the 3^ear, 17 (31 per thousand); number of deaths, also 17 (31 per 

 thousand) . 



The 240 Yuma on the San Carlos reservation in 1890 constituted 

 48 families,'' averaging 5 living persons to a family; there were among 

 them 6 children under 1 year of age (25 per thousand). Among 

 the Colorado River Yuma Dr. W. E. Ferrebee reports at the same 

 period '^ that "the families average 3 or 4 children (living) each." 

 The people are, at present, in all prol)ability holding their own in 

 numbers or increasing slightly. 



With regard to the families of the northern Mexican Indians 

 official data are wanting. Among the Sonora Opata,*^ the Yaqui, and 

 probably the Pima, according to the writer's observations and infor- 

 mation, the women are decidedly prolific, even though large fam- 

 ilies are seldom reared; from a number of causes elsewhere unusual, 

 the tribes are, however, rather diminishing in numbers. Among the 

 Tepehuane, Huichol, and Cora the living family is, on the average, 

 of moderate size; and among the more degraded Otomi as well as the 

 Aztec it is often small, in all probability insufficient to keep up the 

 numerical strength of the people. Among the purer-blooded and 



a Report on Indians, Eleventh Census, 1890, 152, Washington, 1894. 

 6 Ibid., 153. 

 c Ibid., 221. 



d See limited data on p. 79 in writer's Notes on the Indians of Sonora, Mexico, American Anthro- 

 pologist, VI, no. 1, Jan.-Mar., 1904. 



