HRDLifKA] PTIYSIOLOGTCAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 49 



Divorce is easily accoiiiplisluHl in the tribe, mid the man and 

 woman remarry, usually without difficulty. There are cases even at 

 the present time in which comparatively young men educated in white 

 schools have had a half dozen 'or more wives. 



As to polygamy, there were in 1890 among about 600 married 

 Apache men on the Wliite Mountain and Fort Apache reservations 

 87 who had two and nine who had three wives each.« At the time 

 of the waiter's visit in 1900 the number of polygamous marriages, as 

 a consecjuence of the efi"orts of the agents, was much smaller. Among 

 the San Carlos, Jicarilla, and Mescalero Apache polygamy appar- 

 ently has ceased to exist. 



There is prostitution among the White Mountain Apache and also 

 among the San Carlos Apache, with the whites as well as intratribal, 

 and the same is probably true of the Mescaleros. Among the Jica- 

 rillas, however, mainly from the fear of a possible introduction of 

 venereal diseases, the women are threatened with death for sexual 

 transgressions with white men and shun such relations. The fact 

 that a girl has borne a child before marriage does not bring her into 

 great discredit among any of the Apache. 



Among the Navaho girls marry quite early (after puberty), l)ut 

 the young men, obliged to accumulate some property before they can 

 obtain brides, marry at later ages. The writer has seen several 

 brides of from about 14 to 16 years of age, and, on the other hand, 

 has met a number of adult individuals of both sexes who, thougli in 

 normal health, were still unmarried. Some of the richer men still 

 have tw^o or, rarely, three wives. In one of the families living near 

 Pueblo Bonito, a Navaho is married to two sisters. 



All the Ilopi women, the writer was told by the chiefs, marry, as 

 do all the men; they could recall but one man who remained his 

 whole life single. Marriage results often from mutual attraction, 

 though the arrangements belong to the parents. It may take place 

 at any time after puberty, but at present a girl is seldom married 

 before her sixteenth year. 



The Zufii girls marry in some cases soon after puberty'' (which 

 takes place mostly at from 11 to 14 years of age) ; the majority, how- 

 ever, marry at from 15 to 18. Sexual indulgence is said often to 

 precede marriage; illegitimate children, however, are considered a 

 disgrace. 



The Papago girls in the more civilized villages marry, on the aver- 

 age, rather later than the girls of the nonreservation Papago and 

 those of some other tribes. At San Xavier the writer was informed 



a Report on Indians, Eleventh Census, 1890, 150, Washington, 1894. 



b According to Mrs. M. C. Stevenson (The Zufii Indians, Twenly-third Annual Report of the Bureau 

 of Ameriran Ethnology, 30.3), marriages in the tribe also take place before the girl has reached puborty 

 (laelated puljerty?). 



3452— Bull. 34— OS 4 



