74 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. n4 



Amono; the Jicarilla Apache the cord is tied and cut much as amono- 

 the whites. It is tlion wrapped in ra^s and the child is incased in a 

 goatskin. After four days the infant is taken out of the skin and 

 given its first bath. 



Among the Lipan the cord is tied about Ih inches, and is cut about 

 4 inches, from the body. Ordinarily nothing is applied to the end, 

 but should it become sore horse excrement is burned and used as a 

 remedy. When the cord is attended to and the child is cleansed 

 somewhat with warm water, it is held in turn to the four points of the 

 compass; then it is wrapped in some old soft cloth and laid on a skin 

 or bedding spread over weeds known as tlo-til-spai. In former times 

 the toilet of the newborn infant, after the cord was tied, consisted of 

 a simple washing with warm water, which v/as brought in the horn of a 

 bufl'alo. The baby's bed was always made over some of the tlo-til- 

 spai. The mother was not allowed to nurse the infant for at least 

 two da3"s. 



The Navaho tie the cord about 1 ^ inches from the body and cut 

 it at a somewhat greater distance, much as among the Apache ; the 

 remaining part of the cord is usually allowed (at least in some parts 

 of the reservation) to lie on the skin without any covering, imless 

 soreness is appa,rent. 



Among the Hopi the cord is cut and tied. The child is washed 

 with a little luke-warm water or soapsuds (made from the soap-weed) 

 and then the skin is rubbed all over with wood ashes. Occasionally 

 a whitish clay is also used for the rubbing." The washing and rub- 

 bing are repeated daily until the skin is sufficiently clean. This is 

 the practice in a few other pueblos also. At Lagima, according to the 

 writer's informant in the village, only the clay is used. The Zuiii 

 cut and tie the cord and use soapsuds and ashes, in r. manner similar 

 to the Hopi.'' 



The Pima generally cut the cord about 1^ inches from the body 

 (the women indicate the breadth of three fingers), and then tie it. 

 Further attentions to the infant are as follows : It is carefidly handled, 

 washed with warm water as soon as possible, wTapped in something 

 warm, and placed on a little bedding on the ground or in a bed. If a 

 cradle is obtained or made, wliich is not fi^equently the case, tliis is 

 used for several days only until the bab}^ is stronger, after which the 

 usual swing is prepared for it. To prevent soreness of the cord the 

 Pima apply powdered bark of the mesquite, finely ground red pigment, 

 probably ocher, pulverized dry grease wood (Covillea tridentata) 

 mixed with fine dry mud from the river, or the dry spores of a little 

 pufFball fimgus, a-te ("carries-earth-on-head," Tylostoma). Occa- 



1 Compare H. R. Voth, Oraibi Natal Customs and Ceremonies, Field Columbian Museum Publica- 

 tions, Anthropological scrii s, vi. no. •_', Chicago, lOO.i. 



''('oinparo Mrs. M. ('. Slcvcnscm's .icodunts in pHhlicaliciiis nf llu' liurcau of AincrlcMii I'Mliiinlogy. 



