HRDLu'KA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MKDU'AL OBSLIIVATIONS 129 



and a stale nf good nutrition. Stout individuals have not boen seen 

 among the males in any tribe before fully adult age. The youth, par- 

 ticularly in the unciviUzed tribes, develop high capacity for walking 

 and running, as well as for other exercise; and they augment their 

 natural endurance by training. 



Beginnings of beard appear first on the upper lip, and then on the 

 chin, during about the fifteenth to the sixteenth year; hair on the 

 sides of the face, usually very scarce, appears much later and may 

 remain absent. 



Special examination as to the appearance of the mustache among 

 the Pima showed (see detail tables, Appendix) down in a few indi- 

 viduals below the stature of 160 cm. (corresponding to about the end 

 of the fifteenth year) , and readily perceptible down to slight mustache 

 in all above that stature. 



From the first the beard is more scanty, there being less hair for a 

 given area, especially on the sides of the face, than among the whites, 

 and its growth is very slow. It is like the typical beard of the 

 Malay and the Mongolian. The majority of the young men eradicate 

 with tweezers every hair that appears on the face and, continuing to 

 do so, appear glabrous to an advanced age or even throughout life.'* 

 This condition is never wholly natural. If not interfered with, the 

 mustache attains the length of from about It} to 2 inches (3 to 5 

 cm.), and the chin whiskers 2^ to 3 inches (6 to 8 cm.). The former 

 is usually shorter and scanty mesially, acquiring the greatest length 

 above the corners of the mouth. 



GEJ^ERAL RESUME OF PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE INDIAN 



CHILD 



In order to facilitate a review of the results of the physiological 

 investigation on the Indian, particularly the San Carlos Apache and 

 the Pima children of all stages of growth, a recapitulation of the main 

 facts is here appended. 



Locomotion and talking 



The functions of locomotion and talking manifest themselves in 

 the Indian child (Apache and Pima) on the average about as follows: 



Sitting free, eight to nine months. 

 Crawling, nine months. 

 Standing free, fourteen months. 

 Walking, fifteen months. 



Talking : Commencement (single words) at about 1 year ; some con- 

 nection, toward end of second year; talking well at 4 years; excep- 

 tions more in direction of precocity than of marked retardation. 



a The reason sometimes given for this is that the hair is ugly, or that it is not liked by the women 

 because it scratches, but the men for the most part merely follow the tribal custom without knowing 

 the cause of it. It is with them a deep-rooted fashion. 



3452— Bull. 34—08 9 



