134 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



Apache live and have lived for a considerable time in what approaches 

 a hot climate. The present Jicarilla and Mescalero reservations are 

 situated in comparatively cold regions; but forty years ago both 

 these branches of the Apache lived almost free of restraint in New 

 Mexico and probably selected warmer localities. The majority of the 

 White Mountain Apache since known have lived in the elevated 

 temperate-to-cold region in wliich they are found to-day. The 

 countr)^ of the Walapai is warm, but not excessively so. 



The remaining group of tall people is the Navaho. Tliis tribe, not- 

 withstanding the fact that their language is closely allied to that of 

 the Apache, are much more directly related in blood on one side to 

 the Pueblos and on the other possibly to the Yuma-Mohave. The 

 Navaho occupy the more habitable parts of an extensive region of 

 high plateaus with a climate quite moderate in summer and cold in 

 winter. It is practically the same climate as that in which most of 

 the Pueblos live. 



The shortest four tribes are all Mexican. Of these the Tlahuiltec 

 live in an excessively hot region, the other three in moderately hot areas. 

 The Tepecano are brachycephalic the other tln^ee dolichocephalic. 

 Two other short Mexican tribes, not otherwise physicall}" related, 

 are the Tarasco and Huichol; the former live in an elevated region 

 with a moderate climate, the latter in warm valleys, but also in cold 

 spots, of a high, very mountainous region. 



Immediately above the shortest Mexican tribes come several of the 

 Pueblos of the United States. The tallest of the Pueblos are the 

 Isletas, who live but a short distance from the decidedly shorter 

 Lagunas, but occupy the river valley. The Hopi, on the other hand, 

 who live on high, windy, and comparatively cold, isolated mesas, 

 are of quite the same stature as the Zuiii (to whom they are other- 

 wise closely related physically), although the villages of the latter 

 are farther south and in a relatively low basin witb shallow neigh- 

 boring valleys. None of these tribes have been affected by recent 

 migration, though some of the accessions to the Hopi were received 

 in the historic period. 



The facts presented above point to the conclusion that blood 

 affinity, hence heredity, is a more potent agent in determining stat- 

 ure than climatic influence of moderate duration and intensity.. 

 The only group of the tribes on which the action of climate seems 

 perceptible are those on the lower Gila and Colorado. In other parts 

 of the United States, however, equally tall statures are attained 

 under totally different conditions. As to food, occupation, etc., it was 

 seen in the chapters on environment and food that probably there is, 

 or used to be, greater abundance of food, with addition of sea food, 

 on the lower Gila, Colorado, and in the Yaqui region. As to other 

 localities, there is nothing so characteristic in this respect with any 



