180 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



treated or observed one case apparently of typhoid fever, one of mitral 

 insufficiency, one of infantile paral3^sis, and one of a moderate degree 

 of dementia and light tremor (in an old man) ; no other nervous 

 diseases, or insanity, idiocy, epilepsy, or rachitis, were encountered. 

 Tumors are said to occur, though they are rare ; and the same is true 

 of female diseases of a serious nature. Rheumatic pains, particu- 

 larly in the lumbar region, are quite common in elder people. They 

 lead occasionally to stooping. Whooping cough occurs in childrMi. 

 In 1897 there was an epidemic of smallpox. Malaria is not common; 

 however, the writer had occasion to treat two plain, though not very 

 severe, cases of intermittent fever. Simple ophthalmia and irritation 

 of the eyes are quite common. Clironic ophthalmia, granular lids, 

 and narrowing of the orbital orifice by adhesion proceeding from the 

 canthi, are met with in some of the aged. Total blindness is very 

 infrequent. Some young men between 18 and 25 suffer with facial 

 acne. According to Mr. Wallace (formerly a druggist, now with a 

 trader on the northern part of the reservation), the Navaho, like 

 other Indians, expose themselves much in winter; as a result colds 

 are frequent, and being generally neglected, lead sometimes to more 

 serious pvilmonary troubles. Not a few children die each winter 

 from the results of exposure and other privations, and in summer 

 from the eating of unripe fruit or other injurious food. 



The most common diseases among the Hopi are ophthalmia and 

 gastro-intestinal disorders. The ophthalmias are most often directly 

 or indirectly the result of irritation produced by wind-blowTi sand. 

 The fine sand enters the eyes, and as these are generally rubbed with 

 unclean hands or pieces of clothing inflammation is soon produced 

 and kept up. As a result, a comparatively large number of persons 

 become more or less blind. Gonorrheal ophthalmia and trachoma are 

 met with also. There is some rheumatism, which, however, does not 

 lead to any deformation. Senile arthritis, causing stiffness of the 

 spine and stooping, is also met with. At the writer's visit there were 

 on the first two mesas at least five cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. 

 In every case the disease was of the active type and attended with 

 considerable sweating and high temperature. Among the women of 

 Mishongnovi four cases of goiter were seen and others were heard of, 

 but in the other Hopi villages the writer found but one case of this 

 affection. Chiefs Hani and Caloqui assured the writer that, at the 

 time of his visit (1900), there were no insane, idiot, deaf and dumb, 

 congenitally blind, or congenitally deformed, persons among the Hopi 

 on the First mesa, but there were several imbeciles in the other 

 villages. An epileptic lived there some years ago, and another was 

 learned of at Oraibi. One man living on the First mesa was partially 

 deaf (cause unknown), and one had defective speech. 



Of diseases among the Hopi children there were seen several cases 

 of favLis, three of chicken pox, three of dry eczema, two of scrofula, 



