184 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 34 



in early childhood by sores, probably bad cases of impetigo, which are 

 common outside of the school. 



Yellowish teeth, front teeth discolored, and multiple small pits in 

 the enamel were seen in quite a number of the Pima school children 

 of both sexes. In none of these were there any other signs of mal- 

 nutrition or rachitis. There was no case of skull deformity due to 

 premature synostosis or other pathological agency. In fact, no case 

 was observed among all the Indians examined, though rare instances 

 of such deformities are encountered among Indian skulls. 



Of the Mohave, especially those about Needles, many suffer fi'om 

 various minor disorders of health. The most common complaints 

 are those of the stomach and intestines, and muscular rheumatism. 

 Serious pathological conditions are not often seen. Venereal diseases 

 are said to prevail, but indications thereof on the exposed parts 

 are very rare. Occasionally a woman dies within a week or two after 

 childbirth. An epidemic of pneumonia developed at the Fort Mohave 

 Indian school in 1901 which was commonly attributed to the order 

 requiring the Indian children to wear shoes. An instance of her- 

 maphroditism occurred among the Mohave north of Needles within 

 the memor^^ of the writer's native informant." 



From all that could be gathered, under adverse circumstances, about 

 the Yuma, it appeared that the most prevalent diseases among them 

 are malaria, a number of cases of which occur in persons of all ages 

 after each annual overflow of the Colorado (May or June), and vene- 

 real troubles, acquired mostly fi'om whites about Yuma. One young 

 man was seen in an advanced stage of acute pulmonary tuberculosis. 

 The same year (1902) the agency physician reported two cases of 

 the disease among the "uneducated" contingent of the tribe, and he 

 also speaks of two cases of scrofula, with five or six of malaria, 

 among the children in the school. The most common minor com- 

 plaints are of the gastro-intestinal tract. In the school cliildren 

 there were very few cases in which even a suspicion of congenital 

 syphilis could be entertained. If the disease is as frequent in 

 adults as it is thought to be, it is probable that, owing to the effects 

 of the disease and neglect, most if not all babes affected by syphilis 

 die in utero or during infancy. There was very little sickness among 

 the school children at the time of the writer's visit; but one 

 advanced case of tubercular glands of the neck and a few instances 

 of eczema and impetigo were found. 



The most common disorders among the Opata are those of the 

 digestive system. In infants they are often dangerous. Malarial 

 fever is also prevalent. Among 22 women from San Miguel valley 

 whom the writer measured, 7 had goiters. In two cases the en- 



oSometimes a "woman wants to be man." She is "just naturally that way;" they know of no 

 other cause. Similar cases, also instances of men dressing in the garb of women, were heard of in 

 other tribes. 



