HRDLicKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 209 



to which the 101 reports apply being in round numbers 113,000, the 

 proportion of the individuals with spinal curvatures per 1,000 popu- 

 lation is O-SS.*^ There were found no suitable data on the whites that 

 could be utilized for comparison, but there is no doubt that the pro- 

 portion of cases of deformities of this nature in the Caucasian race is 

 larger. 



As to the nature of the curvatures, kyphosis seems to be the most 

 frequent, then comes scoliosis, and then lordosis. 



As to the sex, 48, or exactly the half of the 96 cases, were males and 

 48 females. 



The tribes in which the deformities were most frequent were as 

 follows : 



Spinal curvatures 



Per 1,000. 



Sioux (Chamberlain) 19. 6 



Sioux (Lower Brule) ] 0. 6 



Warm Springs Agency Indians, Ore- 



Per 1,000. 



Sioux (Crow Creek agency) 2. 9 



Hopi 2.7 



Menominee 2. 3 



gon 8.9 Sioux (Oglala) 2.1 



Nez Forces 6. 3 j Fort Feck agency, Mont 1. 8 



Crows 3.8 



If the data on tub<>rculosis be referred to, it will l)e seen that there 

 is much correspondence between the prevalence of that condition and 

 the frec^uency of spinal curvatures, pointing to the tubercular origin 

 of the latter. The jimple character of all of the curvatures whose 

 nature was specified (see detail table in Appendix), speaks also more 

 for tuberculous than for rachitic origin of deformities of this kind. 



Tuberculosis. — Separate reports were called for on pulmonary 

 tuberculosis, on that of bones and joints, and on the glandular form, 

 or scrofula. It is with these diseases that physicians reporting 

 encountered most difficulty, owing to the size and scattered popula- 

 tion of some of the reservations, and to uncertainty regarding cases in 

 the early stage. On this account a number of answers given were 

 merely estimates, which did not accord with the mortality among 

 the same people, and had to be excluded. Even the remaining data, 

 moreover, should be taken as less accurate than those on other 

 morbid conditions. The following columns give the various agencies 

 and schools arranged according to the prevalence of pulmonary 

 tuberculosis. It is noticeable that among the localities with the 

 highest proportion of the disease are several schools; this is due to 

 some extent to the small population of these places, in which every 

 case means a considerable proportion of the whole, but also to other 

 reasons. 



1 Two reports, one on the La Pointe Agency Chippewa and the other from the Navaho agency, both 

 referring to a larger number of cases, had to be excluded pending further inquiry. 



3452— Bull. 34—08^—14 



