HRni.KKA] PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL OBSERVATIONS 268 



It is boiled and oaten without additions. Occasionally the bulb is 

 eaten raw, but consumed in that state in (piantity it may give rise to 

 "sickness of the stomach." 



A number of native seeds are used as food in case of want. Like 

 all the other Indians the Pima eat roasted squash seeds. The people 

 say that in former times they cultivated a certain plant for its seeds, 

 which they used as food. The name of the plant was liliof or Ivopf 

 (as ])ronounced by different individuals). It had big pods, with many 

 small seeds somewhat like those of the saguaro in color and size. 

 This seed was roasted, ground, and eaten like mush. 



U-u-tam (Atriplex lentiformis) is a bush growing near the Gila. 

 The seeds are gathered and poimded up in a wooden mortar, the bran 

 being blown away. The mass is then placed on the inside bark of the 

 Cottonwood, laid in a heated hole in the ground and covered with 

 more cottonwood bark, all being overlaid by grass or brush. It is 

 allowed to remain thus for two days, when the meal is taken out, 

 mixed with water, and eaten as nnish with the occasional adilition 

 of salt. 



Th-tan is a bush growing in the Gila valley; the seeds are roasted, 

 ground, cooked, and eaten as mush. 



Another seed used for ft)od is that of a plant known as fu-u-ivaJit 

 (Sophia pinnata). It is parched, ground, and eaten mixed with 

 cold or hot water. 



Both the Pima and Papago use as food the seed of a grass known 

 as sliow-ou-wat. The grass is gathered and rubbed on the concave 

 part of a basket so that the seeds come out. These are thrown up and 

 down, causing the bran to ^y off into the air. The seeds are then 

 ground and put into cold water and sugar is added; the liquid is 

 used as a drink. The Papago use it much in summer, saying it cools 

 them oft". 



Td-liaiDk C' smooth") is a kind of grass which has small black 

 oblong seeds used as food by both the Pima and the Papago. They 

 are prepared like the seeds of the show-ou-wat. 



The Pima used to eat also the seeds of the ironwood (Olneya 

 tesota). As these seeds are bitter, it was the custom to put them 

 into deep baskets which were hung overnight, each from four poles, 

 in a swift current in the river. In the morning the seeds were dried 

 and then preserved for future use. Before being eaten the seeds were 

 roasted, and ground coarse. Another way of preparing these seeds 

 was to grind them coarse, puttmg the meal into a clean hole in the 

 sand near the river; here water was poured over the meal for a long 

 while until all the bitterness was washed away. The fuial prepara- 

 tion and mode of eating the seeds were the same in both cases. 



Of greens, the Pima use the onch-Jci-ie-wak ("salt green"), a plant 

 growing in the spring along the Gila. The leaves are cooked without 



