8 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuLu. 185 
at the Elbowoods Agency, N. Dak., for invaluable assistance rendered 
by them; and to the Tribal Council of the Three Affiliated Tribes for 
permission to investigate the archeological resources of the reservoir. 
I particularly wish, also, to thank Pete Star, John Fredericks, Donald 
Goodbird, Hans Walker, Joe Eagle, David Grant, and Pat Harney for 
information regarding sites considered in the following pages. 
It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to the State His- 
torical Society of North Dakota for its permission to use data collected 
in 1950 at the site of Like-a-Fishhook Village by Glenn Kleinsasser. 
My particular thanks are due to Russell Reid and Alan W. Woolworth, 
of that organization, who went to great pains to make available maps, 
notes, and photographs. Thanks are due also to Mrs. Angela Fiske, 
Fort Yates, N. Dak., for permission to use a photograph of the last 
Arikara lodge, made by the late Frank Fiske. To Thomas Kehoe, at 
that time curator of the Museum of the Plains Indian, Browning, 
Mont., I am indebted for permission to use some of his unpublished 
material. 
To Waldo R. Wedel, Clifford Evans, and Betty Meggers, United 
States National Museum; Robert L. Stephenson and G. Hubert Smith, 
of the Missouri Basin Project, Lincoln, Nebr.; Marvin F. Kivett, 
Nebraska State Historical Society; and to Russell Reid and Alan W. 
Woolworth, State Historical Society of North Dakota, I am deeply 
grateful for encouragement, as well as for constructive criticism and 
aid in the preparation of this report. Finally, I am deeply apprecia- 
tive of the aid given by the laboratory staff of the Missouri Basin 
Project who helped in many ways—with advice, in photography, in 
drafting, and in typing manuscripts. 
THE AREA 
Garrison Dam, a project of the Corps of Engineers, United States 
Army, is located on the Missouri River immediately west of the town 
of Riverdale and a few miles southeast of the town of Garrison, 
N. Dak., from which it takes its name (map 1). It is an earth-fill 
structure with a height of 210 feet above streambed and a crest length 
of slightly over 2 miles. At full pool, an area of about 300,000 acres 
will be inundated, and the impounded waters will extend to the west 
and north up the Missouri Valley to a point close to the Montana 
line, a distance of 200 miles. The filling of the reservoir necessitated 
the removal of three towns, Elbowoods, Van Hook, and Sanish, as well 
as the construction of a dike to protect the city of Williston. Arms 
of the reservoir will reach up the valleys of Beaver Creek, Lucky 
Mound Creek, and the Little Knife and Little Missouri Rivers, the 
lower course of the Little Missouri River being drowned for approxi- 
mately 25 miles. A large embayment will be formed at the mouth and 
