Riv. Bas. Sor SMALL SITES ABOUT FORT BERTHOLD—METCALF 43 
Knife River flint furnished the material for two of the five end 
scrapers. All these tools are planoconvex in cross section, with all 
edges carefully retouched and with a short, abrupt bevel on the working 
end (pl. 8, m,n, 0). The largest measures 3.8 cm. in length, with a 
maximum width of 3.8 cm. The smaliest is estimated to have been 
about 2.0 em. in length with a maximum width of 1.8 em. On one 
specimen the working edge is markedly beveled from side to side 
(pl. 8, 0), a trait which Lehmer has noted from the Dodd site in South 
Dakota (Lehmer, 1954, p. 58). 
One small, flat flake shows three edges carefully retouched to an 
abrupt scraping edge. In its broken state it measures 2.25 cm. in 
length, 1.05 cm. in maximum width, and is 2.5 mm. thick. 
A large, oval flake of basalt, the edges of which are roughly chipped, 
may have served as a chopper. A handful of flakes show retouch on 
one or more edges. Some of these undoubtedly represent broken 
tools; others are merely modified flakes which would serve as cutters or 
scrapers. 
In general the chipping technique is good, somewhat better than was 
required to make a serviceable tool. The retouch on the end scrapers 
is particularly good. 
The number of specimens of worked bone and antler from the site 
is high in proportion to the number of sherds and objects of worked 
stone, but forms are few. Four bone objects have been made by cut- 
ting or chipping away the edges of large ribs, after which the bone was 
split into two flat slips and the edges and cancellous faces ground 
smooth. One end of these objects is smoothly rounded, the other 
shows a rough and jagged break in every instance (pl. 8, a, 6,¢,d@). In 
length they range from 8.1 cm. to 16.0 cm. Mulloy has referred to ap- 
parently similar objects as knapping tools (Mulloy, 1942, pp. 66-70). 
Two tubes have been made from bird bones by removing the ends in 
rather careless fashion. In one instance this was done by breaking 
after a shallow incision was made about the bone (pl. 8, e). The other 
object has the ends simply snapped off. Both are highly polished, the 
polish extending over the broken surfaces. Both measure 4.7 cm. in 
length, with a maximum diameter of 6 mm. 
The tip of a deer antler tine shows a fresh break at the proximal end, 
and the point is much worn and highly polished. Objects of this type 
are commonly referred to as flaking tools, but the degree of polish 
present on this specimen does not suggest such use. 
Two objects are probably scrap discarded in making bone tools or 
ornaments. Both are the articular ends of bones. One is the proximal 
end of a rib which has been removed from the shaft by the groove- 
and-break method, the other is the end of a bird bone which has been 
removed by grooving entirely through the shaft. 
