46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuLL. 185 
what higher than the flood plain to the northwest and carries many 
heavy stands of cottonwood and ash. Steep slopes due west and 
south of the site mask the exceedingly broken terrain which exists 
between the river and the uplands. ‘The site is ideal for the location 
of a summer hunting camp, offering as it does a smooth, well-drained 
terrace on which to erect shelters and an ample supply of wood and 
water close at hand, while the fact that the site was unsheltered on the 
west would allow the prevailing wind to minimize the annoyance from 
mosquitoes. 
At the time of its discovery during the course of the 1950 survey, a 
faint, dark line was exposed in the cutbank, at a depth of a foot below 
the surface. Eroding from this were flakes of fiint and bone scraps. 
Smoothing the face of the bluff with a shovel yielded many more chips, 
bone splinters, and bits of charcoal. On the surface of the terrace 
slope immediately to the west a broken projectile point, a blade frag- 
ment, an end scraper, broken bits of burned granite, flint chips, and 
bone splinters were found. 
A half dozen small but rather deep depressions 3 to 4 feet in diam- 
eter and a larger one nearly 25 feet across and 2 feet deep were present 
in the terrace. One of the smaller depressions was tested to a depth 
of 4 feet but yielded only mixed yellow and dark soil. It was later 
learned that a log cabin belonging to one of the original Indian 
allottees had stood over the larger depression some 50 years before 
and that the smaller depressions marked the location of caches in use 
during that occupation. 
In 1951 two days were spent in making a limited test of the site, 
during which an area of about 80 square feet was uncovered. In 
making this test a grid of 5-foot squares was laid out on a base line 
oriented north-south. One complete square was excavated, as well 
as three incomplete squares that lay against the bluff edge. The 
squares were excavated by removing the earth in vertical slices to a 
depth of just above the dark soil containing the cultural remains. 
When the sterile soil had been removed over the entire square, the 
floor of the excavation was cleaned and smoothed by horizontal slicing. 
The dark layer was then removed by slicing vertically or horizontally 
according to conditions encountered. 
The test showed that a dark, humus-stained layer ranging from 1 
to nearly 4 inches in thickness overlay the site. Beneath this was a 
layer of fine-textured, light-colored soil which varied in thickness 
from as little as 1 inch to as much as 6 inches in one place. No cultural 
material was present in either layer. Beneath these two upper levels 
was a band of dark soil varying from 8.5 inches to a foot in thickness. 
This in turn rested on sterile yellow clay. This yellow clay sloped 
upward to both west and south as did the surface (fig. 4). 
