158 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bunn. 185 
on the reservation. At Fort Berthold changes began to occur at a 
rapid rate. Clans, for example, almost immediately began to lose 
their exogamous function. Clapp (1895, p. 232) noticed other 
changes which were to occur during the following years. 
They are, however, far behind the other Indians in industry and habits of 
life, and it will take some years before they will take kindly to cultivating 
fields and intelligently caring for stock. Their children are, so far, wholly 
untaught, and for some years to come this fragment will continue to be a 
source of trouble and anxiety to the agent. 
Chief Crow-Flies-High died of pneumonia in 1900 (Richards, 1900, 
p. 815). The episode of his exile, however, is not a closed book but 
still concerns Indians and Whites alike. Claims against the United 
States are being pressed by the descendants of these people for their 
loss of rations, land, cattle, and equipment. 
CONCLUSIONS 
Excavations at Crow-Flies-High Village gave details on the life 
of an exile band of Hidatsa Indians who had left Fort Berthold 
Reservation during the 1870’s. The archeological study is strongly 
augmented by ethnographical information and historical accounts. 
It isnot known when Crow-Flies-High Village was first established. 
The band went farther upstream to Fort Buford when they first left 
the Fort Berthold Reservation. Heaviest occupation of the village, 
however, was during the 1880’s. It was primarily an agricultural 
community, with the main activity here coming during the summer 
months. During other seasons their economy was centered on other 
occupations, such as hunting, chopping wood for steamboats plying 
the Missouri River, and similar pursuits. 
So many small cultural items such as cooking and eating imple- 
ments, weapons, and utensils had been acquired by the Hidatsa that 
the site did not seem to have been of native origin. Even their dwell- 
ings were of European derivation. Certain larger structures were 
retained from earlier times for ceremonial purposes. Storage pits 
in the ground were also maintained in connection with their cabins. 
Two earthlodges were constructed first at Fort Buford, while an- 
other one was built at Crow-Flies-High Village. A final earthlodge 
was erected at Shell Village after the band returned to the reservation. 
In all these cases they were simple in type, serving usually as a dwell- 
ing, but sometimes they were converted into a ceremonial center. ‘This 
tendency to erect single earthlodges for ceremonial centers, while 
simple structures were substituted for dwellings in newly established 
communities, was adumbrated about two centuries earlier at the 
Hagen site, on the Yellowstone River. Here, after an earlier split 
among the Hidatsa, a group of dissidents had left their kinsmen on 
the Missouri River and had built a village on the Yellowstone River, 
