228 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BuLy. 185 
culture complex which I am calling the Stutsman Focus. This focus 
is characterized by the following traits: 
(1) Unfortified, semipermanent townsites (Hintz site) and transitory camp- 
sites on flood-free alluvial terraces along the upper James River; and eagle-trap 
sites (Joos site) on the crest of valley ridges in this area. 
(2) Small, circular, earth-covered (?) lodges, randomly placed and rather 
closely set, with four central supporting posts and two rings of peripheral 
posts, a long covered entryway or vestibule opening on the east or southeast, 
one or more fireplaces, and small subfloor cache pits. 
(3) A small, circular sweat lodge; a bower; a trash dump; a drying rack 
(?); unprepared lightly fired and heavily fired hearths and prepared hearths, 
a tool cache and bouider-anvils, in the open; and eagle-trap pits. 
(4) Secondary burials in eagle-trap pits. 
(5) Artifacts of five material categories: 
(a) Metal: Metal knife blades of iron and brass, probably fabricated 
from metal obtained by direct or indirect White trade. 
(b) Pottery: Fine sand- or _ grit-tempered, unslipped, probably lump 
modeled, buff to dark-gray globular jars of apparently small size, for 
culinary purposes, with rounded, flattened, beveled, everted, pointed, or 
interiorly or exteriorly extruded lips, and incurved, flared (unthickened, 
or “braced” or ‘““wedged-shaped’’), collared, or S-shaped rims; undecorated, 
or decorated with rectilinear or rarely curvilinear dentate stamped, 
incised-trailed, cord impressed, tool impressed, punctated, wrapped-stick 
impressed, check stamped, scored, or painted designs on the lip, exterior 
and/or interior rim surfaces, and shoulder area. Bodies are simple 
stamped, cord-marked, or smoothed. Strap handles and lugs occur in- 
frequently. Five locally identifiable wares comprising 138 types are recog- 
nized. In addition, examples of nine named and described (rim) types 
found at other sites in the Northern Plains are present in the Hintz 
component. Two roughly trimmed sherds, subcircular and subrectangular 
in outline, may have been gaming pieces. 
(ec) Stone: Chipped stone triangular and bilaterally side-notched arrow- 
points, small knives and flake scrapers, small subtriangular to sub- 
rectangular end scrapers retouched over the entire convex surface, along 
the edges, or on the working end only, T- and sickle-shaped drills, arrow- 
shaft-cutters, and use-retouched flakes; core choppers or scrapers; hand- 
hammers, three-quarter-grooved and full-grooved hammers; large and 
small anvils; and a cuboid pipe of limestone decorated with two incised 
lines encircling the bowl, and pipe fragments of steatite and ecatlinite. 
(d) Bone: Splinter awls, flakers, quill flatteners or pottery tools, a shaft 
wrench, and paintbrushes of cancellous bone; and scapula hoes with intact 
head and centrally perforated body. 
(e) Shell: Worked pieces (pendants?), three of which are of Busycon 
contrarium from the Gulf of Mexico. 
(6) Four groups of refuse materials : 
(a) Chipping debris: Cores and waste flakes of chalcedony, chert, jasper, 
quartzite, ete. 
(b) Faunal remains: Predominantly modern bison; also pronghorn or deer, 
badger, gray fox, dog or coyote, skunk, beaver, jackrabbit, pocket gopher, 
ground squirrel; unidentified bird; and fresh-water mussels, Anodonta 
grandis plana Lea, Lampsilis siliquoidea (Barnes), and Lasmigona com- 
planata (Barnes). 
