252 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Buty. 185 
a depth of 3.3 feet from the present surface. All tines were cut off 
from this section, which probably was discarded as being of no further 
use. 
Various objects of worked bone were recovered from the site and 
among these are awls, a single shaft smoother, and a number of 
bluntly pointed forms. Awls, while most numerous, are not plentiful. 
Complete forms (pl. 44, 9, 10, 13, 8) were made either from the split 
proximal ends of deer or antelope metapodials or from modified 
sections of scapula (pl. 44, 8) containing the axillary border and 
adjacent portion. Another awl (pl. 44, 77) was made from a section 
of a long bone which was rubbed into a shaft having a squarish cross 
section. Two crude awls (pl. 44, 4, 7) were fashioned from split sec- 
tions of bison ribs in which the cancellous bone area was unmodified. 
One (pl. 44, 4) was brought to a rather sharp tip, while the second 
(pl. 44,7) has a wider and blunter tip. Blunt pointed tools were made 
from splinters of long bones. The best examples (pl. 44, 7, 3, 12) 
show rubbing only at or near the tips. Other blunt-pointed forms 
were made from split sections of bison ribs with only one working tip. 
The cancellous tissue in these forms was probably reduced to make 
the implement thinner and not as raspish to the feel (pl. 44, 5, 6). 
Fairly long sections of two bison ribs, displaying fractured tips at 
either end, were altered at one end into a blunt point. One shows 
where the cancellous tissue was reduced through use, while the other 
(pl. 44, 15) does not display such a feature. A single shaft straight- 
ener (pl. 44, 2) was made from a section of a bison’s rib and at present 
has one complete perforation and portions of two others at either 
broken end. The marginal edges of the rib section bear two groups 
of narrow, shallow, transverse notches which are separated from 
each other by an unaltered and untreated section. A small, tubular 
bone bead, highly polished, completes the bone assemblage. 
A single specimen of marine Olivella (Callianax) biplacata Sowerby 
was reported from the lower level of this site. It was imported from 
the Pacific coast. It had been altered by a large break through the 
wall away from the aperture, the edges of which were well polished, 
indicating that the shell had received attention subsequent to this 
alteration. 
Choppers were made from small river-worn cobbles by means of 
percussion chipping. They were worked on both sides to create a cut- 
ting blade. Usually quartzites were chosen for this function. None 
of these tools displays much wear, probably because they could be so 
easily made that they were not considered worth saving from one 
usage to another. In most cases only the cutting edges were worked, 
the remainder of the stone being untouched. This provided a smooth 
surface that would protect the hand of the user. 
