290 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Buiu. 185 
A section of the bowl from a catlinite pipe was recovered from the 
surface at the Warne site. Two specimens of catlinite pipes were 
located at the Glen Elder site (14MIL1) a fourth component of the 
Glen Elder Focus. One piece is described as “a tiny elbow pipe made 
of catlinite. One side of the bowl and stem is decorated with an 
incised geometric design. The other side is plain” (Rusco, 1960). 
The other specimen is a bow] fragment, rectangular in cross section. 
Bone artifacts are present at two of the sites. The lack of bone at 
the Intermill site may be the result of flooding. Also, it should be 
noted that, although numerous surface surveys were conducted over 
the entire site, only a small area was actually excavated. Bone 
artifacts were totally absent from the White Rock site in 1956; how- 
ever, numerous specimens were collected during excavations in 1937 
(Rusco, 1960). 
The buffalo contributed the largest portion of the osseous remains. 
Bison-scapula hoes were the most common bone artifact. The ma- 
jority of the more complete pieces at the Warne site were found lying 
on the floors of cache pits. Numerous fragments of bison scapulae, 
28 from the White Rock site (Rusco, 1960), and 22, Group 4, from 
the Warne site, displayed edges worn smooth from use. 
Four specimens are classified as awls. They are fragments of rib 
sections, generally rounded off on the butt and ground or worn smooth 
across the cancellous tissue on the face. One piece, a rib edge, is 
triangular in cross section. 
Tools manufactured from bison ulnae were collected at the Warne 
site. They have the head intact and taper down to a dull point along 
the shaft. The proximal portion of the bone provides a suitable 
handle, and evidence of wear is visible near the point. These pieces 
may have been used as awls (Kidder, 1932), but judging from the 
dullness of the points it seems more probable that they were “dibble” 
implements in agricultural operations. Similar specimens were re- 
covered from the Leary site in southeastern Nebraska (Hill and 
Wedel, 1936) and also at the Lynch site in the northeastern part of 
the state (Freed, MS., 1954). 
Four bone implements associated with hide-working were located at 
the Warne site. Three bison condyles, all found in cache fill, have 
worn surfaces on the cancellous tissue. These may have been used as 
hide tanners. One flesher with a serrated edge, manufactured from 
a bison metatarsal, was also recovered from a cache pit. 
Two interesting artifacts are the bone paddles found lying side 
by side in a cache pit at the Warne site. They are made from the 
dorsal spine of bison vertebrae. One specimen has crossed diagonal 
incisions, and the other has parallel incisions extending across the 
face of the spine. In both cases the markings are at the distal end 
