46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 191 



Raised brown ware sherds with animal designs are ilhistrated from 

 Punta Patiiio, near the Gulf of San Miguel, deep in the Darien 

 (Linne, 1929, p. 154). It is possible that cultural influence extended 

 as far south. With the single exception of Linne's work we have no 

 data from the Darien region of Panama. More tenuous identification 

 exists in the case of his scalloped profile rim from Trigan^, Colombia 

 (p. 33), which resembles our figure 8, d. 



Recent work in Cupica, Colombia (Reichel-Dolmatoff, 1961), has 

 demonstrated identical fragments of our modeled-relief brown ware as 

 well as Code humpback polychrome effigies and other trade ware 

 from the Late period at Sitio Conte. This gives us a known, active 

 distribution area of over 250 miles to the southeast, into the Darien 

 jungle via land. This country is considered to be almost inaccessible 

 today even with our most modern equipment. The obvious route is 

 the sea passage via the Pearl Islands (which have similar pottery 

 types mentioned above), a considerably shorter distance. The inter- 

 mediate vessel shown by Reichel-Dolmatoff (1961, fig. xiii, 3-4) also 

 more closely links the modeled-relief brown ware of the present site 

 with that of the Santarem in Brazil as described by Palmatary (1939). 



Across the Isthmus of Panama, the brown ware type pottery is 

 well known among local archeologists from Venado Beach; several 

 typical sherds and stone points are shown in plate 24. Similarly, 

 the same potterj^ is found across most of the Madden Lake region 

 in a broad zone up to 15 miles east of the Canal. Plate 25 shows 

 typical surface finds selected from several dozen sites exposed during 

 the dry season when the Lake drops. Plate 25, a, is an otherwise 

 typical point recovered unassociated from the Fort San Lorenzo area 

 near Colon. These illustrated artifacts were selected from hundreds 

 because of their similarity to others presented herein. 



From the distribution of similar pottery, points, and bm'ials, related 

 cultures are seen to have occupied a wide band across the entire 

 Isthmus from the Atlantic to the Pacific, covering, and slightly to the 

 east of, the area occupied by the present day Canal Zone. It extends 

 out to the Pearl Islands in the south and into an as yet undetermined 

 area of the Darien. This distribution is reflected in map 3. 



CONTACTS AND MIGRATIONS 



Cultural contact definitely is shown with the westerly provinces, 

 primarily Code, through the admixtm-e of poh'chrome vessels and 

 sherds. Unfortunately, these sherds are not stratified, and range from 

 periods which are considered to be characteristic of both early and 

 late Sitio Conte. Identifying goldwork and whole vessels were re- 

 covered from Venado Beach but have been published onlj^ in pre- 

 liminary form (Lothi'op, 1956). Recent work has suggested Code 



