68 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 191 



Compare: 



sfukaicA (si- + -u-kaicA) I hit him 

 tiukaicA (ti — |- -u-kMcA) maybe I hit him 

 piukaicA (pi — h -u-kMcA) let him hit him 



5. The vowel -i- immediately followed by -e- reduces to the single 

 vowel -1-. This takes place when certain stems beginning with -8- 

 are preceded by a prefix containing -i-: 



siskA (si- -H -9skAj I drank 

 sf-td, (si- -|- -8-td) / am full 



Compare: 



gSskA (g — I — 5skA) he drank 

 g^-td. (g- -f -4-iA) it is full 



6. The vowel -a- followed immediately by -a- reduces to the se- 

 quence -ai-. This change occurs in the first person hortative form 

 of some verbs having stems which begin with -9-: 



kMskA (ka- + -9skA) let me drink 



Compare: 



kdiba'i'tu (ka- -|- -i-ba'i*tu) let me sleep 



7. The vowels -a- and -u- followed immediately by a short level 

 accented -i- reduce to -a- and -li- respectively: 



sdsti (sa — h -fsti) / gave you a liquid 



d^usti (d^u- -f -isti) you gave me a liquid 



Compare : 



zisti (zi — I — isti) he gave him a liquid 



A vowel cluster results, however, if the -i- is characterized by any other 

 type of accent. 



sdiziiwA (sa- -\ — f-zuwA) / paid you 



cAitA (cu- -|- -I-tA) you stepped on me 



ciiisaQA (cu- -f- -isacA) you named me 



The patterns of vowel reduction outlined above avoid the following 

 vowel sequences: -ua-, -ia-, -ia-, -ao- and double vowels. With the 

 exception of a single recorded example of -ua-, these vowel clusters do 

 not occur in Santa Ana Keresan. Other nonoccurring sequences, 

 -ie-, -ae-, -eg-, -ea-, -ae-, -gi-, -aa-, -au-, -ue- and -ua-, involve vowels 

 which are never brought into juxtaposition in morphological con- 

 structions. 



In addition to the vowel reduction already described there are 

 certain patterns of reduction which involve semivowels. A stem- 

 initial -uw- (in which the -u- is short) reduces to -w- when preceded 

 by a prefix of the shape CV-: 

 zfwa-sa (zi — | — liwa-sa) he is sick 



