^"^o^^-gf*^^' LANGUAGE OF SANTA ANA PUEBLO — DAVIS 119 



Attributives. — Included in this class are a variety of adjective and 

 adverb-like words. They may modify a referential, a pronoun, or a 

 verb: 



tAwA- dfyA good dog 



hfnu rdwd- I am good 



rdwd- sl-ba?tu / slept well 



Temporals. — This class is made up of words which specify the 

 relative or the absolute time of an action. Some of the more common 

 temporals are as follows: 



suwd yesterday h^-wlnd, right away 



hfwd today md-nu- a long time 



ddmd. tomorrow hdma- long ago 



nd.-nu next day d^dwd early 



sumf already c6-yd first 



Also included are names of days, seasons, or the time of day. Many 

 of these, however, are Spanish loanwords. 



Prepositions. — Included in this class are a number of words which 

 specify the location and/or direction of an action with respect to the 

 speaker or to the actor. Among the more common prepositions are 

 the following: 



duk6- that way (near and away from the speaker) 



duw6- this way (near and toward the speaker) 



yuk6- that way (at a distance and away from the speaker) 



yiiku yonder, away 



di? right here 



ydsf from afar 



Directionals. — ^This class comprises a rather limited number of 

 commonly occurring words such as: 



d^'i up 



na down 



si back here 



sa back (to previous location) 



Also included are the points of the compass which occur with great 

 frequency in native text. 



Interrogatives. — 'Included in this class is the interrogative particle 

 ?a which, occurring at the beginning of a sentence, makes it a question. 

 Also included are: 



zi what? hd-di where? (location) 



hdidf which one? hai where? (destination) 



hau who? haiw^- from where? 



hdiku when? hdikuma- what direction? 



Modals. — This class includes a number of words which fix the mode 

 of a following verb. Negative, negative hortative, and future hortative 

 modes are obligatorily marked by such words: 

 zdzi not (negative mode) 

 bd-mf- don't (negative hortative mode) 

 ba future hortative mode marker 

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