222 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 191 



or Massawomeck, who lived west of the Sioiian tribes occupying the 

 Virginia Piedmont. As far as we can determine, these Iroquoian 

 tribes were established on the headwaters of the Potomac and on the 

 upper Ohio drainage area. In light of this probable distribution it is 

 pertinent to ask to what degree this does or does not show correlation 

 to known archeological complexes in the area. 



The following protohistoric and early historic archeological units 

 (see map 9) are pertinent in this connection: 



Mississippi Pattern 



Middle Mississippi Phase 

 Fort Ancient Aspect 



Madisonville Focus 



Anderson Focus 



Baum Focus 



Feurt Focus 



Clover Focus 

 Woodland Pattern 

 Applachian Phase 



Shenk's Ferry Aspect 



Shenk's Ferry Focus 



Stewart Focus 

 Monongahela Aspect 



Monongahela Focus 



Luray Focus 

 Northeastern Phase 

 Iroquois Aspect 



Madison Focus 



Genoa Fort Focus 



Factory Hollow Focus 



Lawson Focus 



Ripley Focus 



Whittlesey Focus 



Tioga Focus 



The distributions of the various aspects are shown on the accompany- 

 ing series of maps (Griffin, 1943; 1952; MacNeish, 1952 a, pp. 51-54; 

 Mayer-Oakes, 1955; Morgan, 1952, pp. 93-98; Ritchie, 1951; Schmitt, 

 1952, pp. 62-70; Witthoft, 1951; 1955 (Personal communication)). 



The Fort Ancient Aspect, located in the middle Ohio Valley (see 

 map 10), constitutes the most northeastern division of the Mississippi 

 Pattern; a major cultural division centered in the Mississippi drainage 

 and characterized by intensive agriculture, relatively superior pottery 

 of distinctive style, palisaded fortified villages, flat-topped pjTamids 

 or cones, and town plazas. Culturally, the Mississippi Pattern stood 

 in roughly the same relative position to the neighboring Woodland 

 Pattern as "river bottom farming culture" stands to "hillbilly culture" 

 in modern America. Although the Fort Ancient peoples were mar- 

 ginal to the spectacular developments of the Mississippi Pattern as 



