^^'^No'l^'Tof^^' APPALACHIAN REGION ANCIENT TRIBES — HOFFMAN 229 



Map 11. — Components of the Monongahela (black) and Shenk's Ferry (white) Aspects, 

 Appalachian Phase, Woodland Pattern. 



not survive critical reading of the historical sources. Witthoft (1951, 

 p. 320) has expressed some doubts on this point (Carpenter, Pfirman, 

 and Schoff, 1949, p. 6; MacNeish, 1952 a, p. 6; 1952 b, pp. 22-24; 

 Parker, 1907; 1922, pp. 271-276). 



North and east of the Ripley Focus we find the Lawson and Fac- 

 tory Hollow Foci. The former includes several sites in the Buffalo 

 area east of Niagara, and others in southern Ontario. Only the 

 Buffum Street site has 3aelded historic trade goods, yet the entire 

 focus is attributed, with some justification, to the Neutrals, who 

 are known from historical sources to have resided in this same area, 

 to have suffered several defeats at the hands of the New York Iro- 

 quois between 1648 and 1651, and to have abandoned their country 

 shortly thereafter (Kidd, 1952, pp. 74-75; MacNeish, 1952 a, p. 54; 

 1952 b, pp. 10-11; Witthoft, 1951, pp. 319-320). 



The Factory Hollow Focus represents the remains of the early 

 historic Seneca. Not only are most of the sites historic but several 

 have been identified with reasonable certainty with historically 

 known villages. These include Rochester Junction (Totiakton, also 

 known as Sonnontuan), Kirkwood (Gannounata), Bough ton Hill 

 (Ganagaro), and Beal (Gandougarae) , all of which were destroyed by 

 Denonville in 1687. The "direct historical method" is applicable 



