26 BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (bull. 51 



together in the siiine neighborhood, or to install the latter in the 

 places in which they were found. "Wliile at present such an arrange- 

 ment at Spruce-tree House and Clili' Palace is not practicable, large 

 specimens, as metates and those jars that are embedded in the walls, 

 have, as a rule, been left as they were found. 



As the repair work at Cliff Palace was limited to the protection 

 of the major antiquities, the smaller objects for the greater part 

 having been removed before our work began, this report deals more 

 especially with the former, the whole ruin being regarded as a great 

 specimen to be preserved in situ. 



Very little attention was given to labeling rooms, kivas, and their 

 different parts, the feeling being that this experiment has been suffi- 

 ciently well carried out at Spruce-tree House, an examination of 

 Avhich would logicall}^ precede that of Cliff Palace. Spruce-tree 

 House has been made a " type ruin " from which the tourist can gain 

 his first impression of the major antiquities of the Mesa Verde 

 National Park, and while it was well to indicate on its walls the 

 different features characteristic of these buildings, it would be re- 

 dundant to carry out the same plan in the other ruins.^' 



Xo attempt was made to restore the roof of any of the Cliff Palace 

 kivas for the reason that one can gain a good idea of how the roof of a 

 circular kiva is constructed from its restoration in Kiva C of Spruce- 

 tree House, and an effort to roof a kiva of Cliff Palace would merely 

 duplicate what has already been accomplished without adding essen- 

 tially to our knowledge. 



GENERAL PLAN OF CLIFF PALACE 



The ground plans of Cliff Palace which have been published were 

 made from surface indications before excavations Avere undertaken 

 and necessarily do not represent all the rooms. Nordenskiold's map 

 outlines IT kivas and 102 rooms, indicating several kivas by dotted 

 lines. The Morley-Kidder map, which represents positions of 18 or 

 10 kivas, notes 105 secular rooms.'' Although this ground plan is an 

 improvement on that of Nordenskiold, it also was based on surface 

 indications and naturally fails to indicate those kivas that were buried 

 under the fallen walls of the terraces. Strangely enough, in Nor- 

 denskiold's ground plan Kiva K is omitted, notwithstanding the tops 

 of one or two pilasters were readily seen before an}^ excavation was 



"The author's hope is to excavate and repair in different sections of the Southwest a 

 number of " type ruins," each of which will illustrate the major antiquities of the area in 

 which it occurs. I-"'rom an examination of these types the tourist and the student may 

 obtain, at first hand, an accurate knowledge of the prehistoric architecture. 



* In " Report, House of Hepresentatives, No. .S703, 58th Congress," Mr. Coert Dubois 

 ascribes to Cliff House (Cliff Palace) 146 rooms and 5 estufas (kivas). Unfortunately the 

 error in the count of kivas has been given wide circulation. As stated in the present 

 article, there are at least L'3 rooms in Cliff Palace that may be called kivas. 



